SAR(1)



SAR(1)                        Linux User's Manual                       SAR(1)

NAME
       sar - Collect, report, or save system activity information.

SYNOPSIS
       sar [ -A ] [ -B ] [ -b ] [ -C ] [ -D ] [ -d ] [ -F [ MOUNT ] ] [ -H ] [
       -h ] [ -p ] [ -r [ ALL ] ] [ -S ] [ -t ] [ -u [ ALL ] ] [ -V ] [ -v ] [
       -W ] [ -w ] [ -y ] [ -z ] [ --dec={ 0 | 1 | 2 } ] [ --dev= dev_list ] [
       --fs= fs_list ] [ --help ] [ --human ] [ --iface= iface_list ] [ --sadc
       ] [ -I { int_list | SUM | ALL } ] [ -P { cpu_list | ALL } ] [ -m { key-
       word [,...] | ALL } ] [ -n { keyword [,...] | ALL } ] [  -q  [  keyword
       [,...] | ALL ] ] [ -j { SID | ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } ] [ -f [
       filename ] | -o [ filename ] | -[0-9]+  ]  [  -i  interval  ]  [  -s  [
       hh:mm[:ss] ] ] [ -e [ hh:mm[:ss] ] ] [ interval [ count ] ]

DESCRIPTION
       The  sar command writes to standard output the contents of selected cu-
       mulative activity counters in the operating system. The accounting sys-
       tem,  based  on the values in the count and interval parameters, writes
       information the specified number of times spaced at the  specified  in-
       tervals  in seconds.  If the interval parameter is set to zero, the sar
       command displays the average statistics for the time since  the  system
       was  started.  If the interval parameter is specified without the count
       parameter, then reports are generated continuously.  The collected data
       can also be saved in the file specified by the -o filename flag, in ad-
       dition to being displayed onto the screen. If filename is omitted,  sar
       uses  the standard system activity daily data file (see below).  By de-
       fault all the data available from the kernel  are  saved  in  the  data
       file.

       The  sar  command extracts and writes to standard output records previ-
       ously saved in a file. This file can be either the one specified by the
       -f  flag  or, by default, the standard system activity daily data file.
       It is also possible to enter -1, -2 etc. as an argument to sar to  dis-
       play  data of that days ago. For example, -1 will point at the standard
       system activity file of yesterday.

       Standard system activity daily data files are named saDD or saYYYYMMDD,
       where YYYY stands for the current year, MM for the current month and DD
       for the current day. They are the default files used by sar  only  when
       no  filename has been explicitly specified.  When used to write data to
       files (with its option -o), sar will use saYYYYMMDD if  option  -D  has
       also  been  specified, else it will use saDD.  When used to display the
       records previously saved in a file, sar will look for the  most  recent
       of saDD and saYYYYMMDD, and use it.

       Standard   system   activity  daily  data  files  are  located  in  the
       /var/log/sysstat directory by default. Yet it is possible to specify an
       alternate  location  for them: If a directory (instead of a plain file)
       is used with options -f or -o then it will be considered as the  direc-
       tory containing the data files.

       Without  the -P flag, the sar command reports system-wide (global among
       all processors) statistics, which are calculated as averages for values
       expressed  as  percentages,  and  as  sums otherwise. If the -P flag is
       given, the sar command reports activity which relates to the  specified
       processor  or  processors.  If -P ALL is given, the sar command reports
       statistics for each individual processor and  global  statistics  among
       all processors. Offline processors are not displayed.

       You  can  select  information  about  specific  system activities using
       flags. Not specifying any flags selects only CPU activity.   Specifying
       the -A flag selects all possible activities.

       The  default  version of the sar command (CPU utilization report) might
       be one of the first facilities the user runs to begin  system  activity
       investigation,  because it monitors major system resources. If CPU uti-
       lization is near 100 percent (user + nice + system), the workload  sam-
       pled is CPU-bound.

       If  multiple samples and multiple reports are desired, it is convenient
       to specify an output file for the sar command.  Run the sar command  as
       a background process. The syntax for this is:

       sar -o datafile interval count >/dev/null 2>&1 &

       All  data  are  captured in binary form and saved to a file (datafile).
       The data can then be selectively displayed with the sar  command  using
       the  -f  option.  Set the interval and count parameters to select count
       records at interval second intervals. If the  count  parameter  is  not
       set, all the records saved in the file will be selected.  Collection of
       data in this manner is useful to characterize system usage over  a  pe-
       riod of time and determine peak usage hours.

       Note:     The sar command only reports on local activities.

OPTIONS
       -A     This  is  equivalent  to specifying -bBdFHSvwWy -I SUM -m ALL -n
              ALL -q ALL -r ALL -u ALL.  This option also  implies  specifying
              -I  ALL  -P  ALL  unless these options are explicitly set on the
              command line.

       -B     Report paging statistics.  The following values are displayed:

              pgpgin/s
                     Total number of kilobytes the system paged in  from  disk
                     per second.

              pgpgout/s
                     Total  number  of  kilobytes the system paged out to disk
                     per second.

              fault/s
                     Number of page faults (major + minor) made by the  system
                     per second.  This is not a count of page faults that gen-
                     erate I/O, because some page faults can be resolved with-
                     out I/O.

              majflt/s
                     Number  of  major  faults the system has made per second,
                     those which have required  loading  a  memory  page  from
                     disk.

              pgfree/s
                     Number of pages placed on the free list by the system per
                     second.

              pgscank/s
                     Number of pages scanned by the kswapd daemon per second.

              pgscand/s
                     Number of pages scanned directly per second.

              pgsteal/s
                     Number of pages  the  system  has  reclaimed  from  cache
                     (pagecache  and swapcache) per second to satisfy its mem-
                     ory demands.

              %vmeff
                     Calculated as pgsteal / pgscan, this is a metric  of  the
                     efficiency  of  page reclaim. If it is near 100% then al-
                     most every page coming off the tail of the inactive  list
                     is  being reaped. If it gets too low (e.g. less than 30%)
                     then the virtual memory is having some difficulty.   This
                     field  is displayed as zero if no pages have been scanned
                     during the interval of time.

       -b     Report I/O and transfer rate statistics.  The  following  values
              are displayed:

              tps
                     Total  number of transfers per second that were issued to
                     physical devices.  A transfer is  an  I/O  request  to  a
                     physical  device.  Multiple  logical requests can be com-
                     bined into a single I/O request to the device.  A  trans-
                     fer is of indeterminate size.

              rtps
                     Total number of read requests per second issued to physi-
                     cal devices.

              wtps
                     Total number of write requests per second issued to phys-
                     ical devices.

              dtps
                     Total  number  of  discard  requests per second issued to
                     physical devices.

              bread/s
                     Total amount of data read from the devices in blocks  per
                     second.   Blocks  are equivalent to sectors and therefore
                     have a size of 512 bytes.

              bwrtn/s
                     Total amount of data written to  devices  in  blocks  per
                     second.

              bdscd/s
                     Total  amount of data discarded for devices in blocks per
                     second.

       -C     When reading data from a file, tell sar to display comments that
              have been inserted by sadc.

       -D     Use  saYYYYMMDD  instead of saDD as the standard system activity
              daily data file name. This option works only when used  in  con-
              junction with option -o to save data to file.

       -d     Report activity for each block device.  When data are displayed,
              the device specification devM-n is generally used (DEV  column).
              M is the major number of the device and n its minor number.  De-
              vice names may also be pretty-printed if option -p  is  used  or
              persistent device names can be printed if option -j is used (see
              below). Statistics for all devices are displayed  unless  a  re-
              stricted  list is specified using option --dev= (see correspond-
              ing option entry).  Note that disk activity depends on sadc  op-
              tions -S DISK and -S XDISK to be collected. The following values
              are displayed:

              tps
                     Total number of transfers per second that were issued  to
                     physical  devices.   A  transfer  is  an I/O request to a
                     physical device. Multiple logical requests  can  be  com-
                     bined  into a single I/O request to the device.  A trans-
                     fer is of indeterminate size.

              rkB/s
                     Number of kilobytes read from the device per second.

              wkB/s
                     Number of kilobytes written to the device per second.

              dkB/s
                     Number of kilobytes discarded for the device per second.

              areq-sz
                     The average size (in kilobytes) of the I/O requests  that
                     were issued to the device.
                     Note:  In  previous versions, this field was known as av-
                     grq-sz and was expressed in sectors.

              aqu-sz
                     The average queue length of the requests that were issued
                     to the device.
                     Note:  In  previous  versions,  this  field  was known as
                     avgqu-sz.

              await
                     The average time (in milliseconds) for I/O  requests  is-
                     sued  to  the device to be served. This includes the time
                     spent by the requests in queue and the time spent servic-
                     ing them.

              %util
                     Percentage of elapsed time during which I/O requests were
                     issued to the device (bandwidth utilization for  the  de-
                     vice).  Device saturation occurs when this value is close
                     to 100% for devices serving requests  serially.  But  for
                     devices serving requests in parallel, such as RAID arrays
                     and modern SSDs, this number does not reflect their  per-
                     formance limits.

       --dec={ 0 | 1 | 2 }
              Specify  the  number  of  decimal places to use (0 to 2, default
              value is 2).

       --dev=dev_list
              Specify the block devices for which statistics are  to  be  dis-
              played  by  sar.   dev_list  is a list of comma-separated device
              names.

       -e [ hh:mm[:ss] ]
              Set the ending time of the report. The default  ending  time  is
              18:00:00.  Hours  must  be given in 24-hour format.  This option
              can be used when data are read from or written to  a  file  (op-
              tions -f or -o).

       -F [ MOUNT ]
              Display    statistics   for   currently   mounted   filesystems.
              Pseudo-filesystems are ignored. At the end of  the  report,  sar
              will  display  a  summary  of all those filesystems.  Use of the
              MOUNT parameter keyword indicates that mountpoint  will  be  re-
              ported instead of filesystem device. Statistics for all filesys-
              tems are displayed unless a restricted list is  specified  using
              option  --fs=  (see  corresponding  option  entry).   Note  that
              filesystems statistics depend on sadc option -S XDISK to be col-
              lected.

              The following values are displayed:

              MBfsfree
                     Total  amount of free space in megabytes (including space
                     available only to privileged user).

              MBfsused
                     Total amount of space used in megabytes.

              %fsused
                     Percentage of filesystem space used, as seen by a  privi-
                     leged user.

              %ufsused
                     Percentage  of  filesystem  space used, as seen by an un-
                     privileged user.

              Ifree
                     Total number of free file nodes in filesystem.

              Iused
                     Total number of file nodes used in filesystem.

              %Iused
                     Percentage of file nodes used in filesystem.

       -f [ filename ]
              Extract records from filename (created by the -o filename flag).
              The default value of the filename parameter is the current stan-
              dard system activity daily data file.  If filename is  a  direc-
              tory instead of a plain file then it is considered as the direc-
              tory where the standard system activity daily data files are lo-
              cated. The -f option is exclusive of the -o option.

       --fs=fs_list
              Specify the filesystems for which statistics are to be displayed
              by sar.  fs_list is a list of comma-separated  filesystem  names
              or mountpoints.

       -H     Report  hugepages  utilization statistics.  The following values
              are displayed:

              kbhugfree
                     Amount of hugepages memory in kilobytes that is  not  yet
                     allocated.

              kbhugused
                     Amount of hugepages memory in kilobytes that has been al-
                     located.

              %hugused
                     Percentage of total hugepages memory that has been  allo-
                     cated.

              kbhugrsvd
                     Amount of reserved hugepages memory in kilobytes.

              kbhugsurp
                     Amount of surplus hugepages memory in kilobytes.

       -h     Make  the output of sar easier to read by a human. Options --hu-
              man and -p (pretty-print) are enabled implicitly with  this  op-
              tion.   This  option  may  be  especially useful when displaying
              e.g., network interfaces or block devices statistics.

       --help Display a short help message then exit.

       --human
              Print sizes in human readable format  (e.g.  1.0k,  1.2M,  etc.)
              The units displayed with this option supersede any other default
              units (e.g.  kilobytes, sectors...) associated with the metrics.

       -I { int_list | SUM | ALL }
              Report  statistics  for  interrupts.   int_list  is  a  list  of
              comma-separated  values or range of values (e.g., 0-16,35,400-).
              The SUM keyword indicates that the total  number  of  interrupts
              received  per  second  is to be displayed. The ALL keyword indi-
              cates that statistics from all interrupts,  including  potential
              APIC interrupt sources, are to be reported.  Note that interrupt
              statistics depend on sadc option "-S INT" to be collected.

       -i interval
              Select data records at seconds as close as possible to the  num-
              ber specified by the interval parameter.

       --iface=iface_list
              Specify  the  network  interfaces for which statistics are to be
              displayed by sar.  iface_list is a list of  comma-separated  in-
              terface names.

       -j { SID | ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... }
              Display  persistent device names. Use this option in conjunction
              with option -d.  Options ID, LABEL, etc. specify the type of the
              persistent  name.  These options are not limited, only prerequi-
              site is that directory with required persistent names is present
              in  /dev/disk.   If persistent name is not found for the device,
              the device name is pretty-printed (see option -p below).  Option
              SID  tries to get a stable identifier to use as the device name.
              A stable identifier won't change across  reboots  for  the  same
              physical  device.  If it exists, this identifier is normally the
              WWN  (World  Wide  Name)  of  the  device,  as  read  from   the
              /dev/disk/by-id directory.

       -m { keyword [,...] | ALL }
              Report  power management statistics.  Note that these statistics
              depend on sadc's option "-S POWER" to be collected.

              Possible keywords are CPU, FAN, FREQ, IN, TEMP and USB.

              With the CPU keyword, statistics about CPU  are  reported.   The
              following value is displayed:

              MHz
                     Instantaneous CPU clock frequency in MHz.

              With  the FAN keyword, statistics about fans speed are reported.
              The following values are displayed:

              rpm
                     Fan speed expressed in revolutions per minute.

              drpm
                     This field is calculated as the difference  between  cur-
                     rent fan speed (rpm) and its low limit (fan_min).

              DEVICE
                     Sensor device name.

              With  the FREQ keyword, statistics about CPU clock frequency are
              reported.  The following value is displayed:

              wghMHz
                     Weighted average CPU clock frequency in MHz.   Note  that
                     the  cpufreq-stats  driver must be compiled in the kernel
                     for this option to work.

              With the IN keyword, statistics about  voltage  inputs  are  re-
              ported.  The following values are displayed:

              inV
                     Voltage input expressed in Volts.

              %in
                     Relative  input value. A value of 100% means that voltage
                     input has reached its high limit (in_max) whereas a value
                     of 0% means that it has reached its low limit (in_min).

              DEVICE
                     Sensor device name.

              With  the TEMP keyword, statistics about devices temperature are
              reported.  The following values are displayed:

              degC
                     Device temperature expressed in degrees Celsius.

              %temp
                     Relative device temperature. A value of 100%  means  that
                     temperature has reached its high limit (temp_max).

              DEVICE
                     Sensor device name.

              With  the  USB  keyword, the sar command takes a snapshot of all
              the USB devices currently plugged into the system. At the end of
              the report, sar will display a summary of all those USB devices.
              The following values are displayed:

              BUS
                     Root hub number of the USB device.

              idvendor
                     Vendor ID number (assigned by USB organization).

              idprod
                     Product ID number (assigned by Manufacturer).

              maxpower
                     Maximum power consumption of  the  device  (expressed  in
                     mA).

              manufact
                     Manufacturer name.

              product
                     Product name.

              The  ALL  keyword  is  equivalent to specifying all the keywords
              above and therefore all the power management statistics are  re-
              ported.

       -n { keyword [,...] | ALL }
              Report network statistics.

              Possible keywords are DEV, EDEV, FC, ICMP, EICMP, ICMP6, EICMP6,
              IP, EIP, IP6, EIP6, NFS, NFSD, SOCK, SOCK6, SOFT, TCP, ETCP, UDP
              and UDP6.

              With  the  DEV  keyword, statistics from the network devices are
              reported.  Statistics for all network interfaces  are  displayed
              unless a restricted list is specified using option --iface= (see
              corresponding option entry).   The  following  values  are  dis-
              played:

              IFACE
                     Name  of  the  network interface for which statistics are
                     reported.

              rxpck/s
                     Total number of packets received per second.

              txpck/s
                     Total number of packets transmitted per second.

              rxkB/s
                     Total number of kilobytes received per second.

              txkB/s
                     Total number of kilobytes transmitted per second.

              rxcmp/s
                     Number of compressed packets  received  per  second  (for
                     cslip etc.).

              txcmp/s
                     Number of compressed packets transmitted per second.

              rxmcst/s
                     Number of multicast packets received per second.

              %ifutil
                     Utilization  percentage  of  the  network  interface. For
                     half-duplex interfaces, utilization is  calculated  using
                     the  sum  of rxkB/s and txkB/s as a percentage of the in-
                     terface speed. For full-duplex, this is  the  greater  of
                     rxkB/S or txkB/s.

              With  the EDEV keyword, statistics on failures (errors) from the
              network devices are reported.  Statistics for all network inter-
              faces  are displayed unless a restricted list is specified using
              option --iface= (see corresponding option entry).  The following
              values are displayed:

              IFACE
                     Name  of  the  network interface for which statistics are
                     reported.

              rxerr/s
                     Total number of bad packets received per second.

              txerr/s
                     Total number of errors that  happened  per  second  while
                     transmitting packets.

              coll/s
                     Number  of  collisions  that  happened  per  second while
                     transmitting packets.

              rxdrop/s
                     Number of received packets dropped per second because  of
                     a lack of space in linux buffers.

              txdrop/s
                     Number  of transmitted packets dropped per second because
                     of a lack of space in linux buffers.

              txcarr/s
                     Number of carrier-errors that happened per  second  while
                     transmitting packets.

              rxfram/s
                     Number of frame alignment errors that happened per second
                     on received packets.

              rxfifo/s
                     Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on
                     received packets.

              txfifo/s
                     Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on
                     transmitted packets.

              With the FC keyword, statistics about fibre channel traffic  are
              reported.   Note  that fibre channel statistics depend on sadc's
              option "-S DISK" to be collected.  The following values are dis-
              played:

              FCHOST
                     Name  of  the fibre channel host bus adapter (HBA) inter-
                     face for which statistics are reported.

              fch_rxf/s
                     The total number of frames received per second.

              fch_txf/s
                     The total number of frames transmitted per second.

              fch_rxw/s
                     The total number of transmission words received per  sec-
                     ond.

              fch_txw/s
                     The  total  number  of transmission words transmitted per
                     second.

              With the ICMP keyword, statistics about ICMPv4  network  traffic
              are  reported.  Note that ICMPv4 statistics depend on sadc's op-
              tion "-S SNMP" to be collected.  The following values  are  dis-
              played (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              imsg/s
                     The  total  number  of ICMP messages which the entity re-
                     ceived per second [icmpInMsgs].  Note that  this  counter
                     includes all those counted by ierr/s.

              omsg/s
                     The  total  number of ICMP messages which this entity at-
                     tempted to send per second [icmpOutMsgs].  Note that this
                     counter includes all those counted by oerr/s.

              iech/s
                     The  number  of ICMP Echo (request) messages received per
                     second [icmpInEchos].

              iechr/s
                     The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received per  sec-
                     ond [icmpInEchoReps].

              oech/s
                     The  number of ICMP Echo (request) messages sent per sec-
                     ond [icmpOutEchos].

              oechr/s
                     The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages  sent  per  second
                     [icmpOutEchoReps].

              itm/s
                     The  number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages received
                     per second [icmpInTimestamps].

              itmr/s
                     The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages received  per
                     second [icmpInTimestampReps].

              otm/s
                     The  number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages sent per
                     second [icmpOutTimestamps].

              otmr/s
                     The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages sent per sec-
                     ond [icmpOutTimestampReps].

              iadrmk/s
                     The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages received
                     per second [icmpInAddrMasks].

              iadrmkr/s
                     The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply  messages  received
                     per second [icmpInAddrMaskReps].

              oadrmk/s
                     The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages sent per
                     second [icmpOutAddrMasks].

              oadrmkr/s
                     The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages  sent  per
                     second [icmpOutAddrMaskReps].

              With  the  EICMP keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 error messages
              are reported.  Note that ICMPv4 statistics depend on sadc's  op-
              tion  "-S  SNMP" to be collected.  The following values are dis-
              played (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              ierr/s
                     The number of ICMP messages per second which  the  entity
                     received  but  determined  as having ICMP-specific errors
                     (bad ICMP checksums, bad length, etc.) [icmpInErrors].

              oerr/s
                     The number of ICMP messages per second which this  entity
                     did  not send due to problems discovered within ICMP such
                     as a lack of buffers [icmpOutErrors].

              idstunr/s
                     The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable  messages  re-
                     ceived per second [icmpInDestUnreachs].

              odstunr/s
                     The  number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages sent
                     per second [icmpOutDestUnreachs].

              itmex/s
                     The number of ICMP Time Exceeded  messages  received  per
                     second [icmpInTimeExcds].

              otmex/s
                     The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent per second
                     [icmpOutTimeExcds].

              iparmpb/s
                     The number of ICMP Parameter  Problem  messages  received
                     per second [icmpInParmProbs].

              oparmpb/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent per
                     second [icmpOutParmProbs].

              isrcq/s
                     The number of ICMP Source Quench  messages  received  per
                     second [icmpInSrcQuenchs].

              osrcq/s
                     The number of ICMP Source Quench messages sent per second
                     [icmpOutSrcQuenchs].

              iredir/s
                     The number of ICMP Redirect messages received per  second
                     [icmpInRedirects].

              oredir/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP  Redirect  messages sent per second
                     [icmpOutRedirects].

              With the ICMP6 keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 network  traffic
              are  reported.  Note that ICMPv6 statistics depend on sadc's op-
              tion "-S IPV6" to be collected.  The following values  are  dis-
              played (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              imsg6/s
                     The  total number of ICMP messages received by the inter-
                     face per second  which  includes  all  those  counted  by
                     ierr6/s [ipv6IfIcmpInMsgs].

              omsg6/s
                     The  total  number  of ICMP messages which this interface
                     attempted to send per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutMsgs].

              iech6/s
                     The number of ICMP Echo (request)  messages  received  by
                     the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInEchos].

              iechr6/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP Echo Reply messages received by the
                     interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInEchoReplies].

              oechr6/s
                     The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent by the inter-
                     face per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutEchoReplies].

              igmbq6/s
                     The  number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Query messages re-
                     ceived by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMem-
                     bQueries].

              igmbr6/s
                     The  number  of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response messages
                     received by the interface per second  [ipv6IfIcmpInGroup-
                     MembResponses].

              ogmbr6/s
                     The  number  of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response messages
                     sent per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembResponses].

              igmbrd6/s
                     The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction  messages
                     received  by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroup-
                     MembReductions].

              ogmbrd6/s
                     The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction  messages
                     sent per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembReductions].

              irtsol6/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP Router Solicit messages received by
                     the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInRouterSolicits].

              ortsol6/s
                     The number of ICMP Router Solicitation messages  sent  by
                     the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutRouterSolicits].

              irtad6/s
                     The number of ICMP Router Advertisement messages received
                     by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInRouterAdvertise-
                     ments].

              inbsol6/s
                     The  number of ICMP Neighbor Solicit messages received by
                     the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborSolicits].

              onbsol6/s
                     The number of ICMP Neighbor Solicitation messages sent by
                     the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborSolicits].

              inbad6/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages re-
                     ceived by the interface per second  [ipv6IfIcmpInNeighbo-
                     rAdvertisements].

              onbad6/s
                     The  number  of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages sent
                     by the interface per second  [ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborAdver-
                     tisements].

              With  the EICMP6 keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 error messages
              are reported.  Note that ICMPv6 statistics depend on sadc's  op-
              tion  "-S  IPV6" to be collected.  The following values are dis-
              played (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              ierr6/s
                     The number of ICMP messages per second which  the  inter-
                     face  received but determined as having ICMP-specific er-
                     rors   (bad   ICMP   checksums,   bad    length,    etc.)
                     [ipv6IfIcmpInErrors]

              idtunr6/s
                     The  number  of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages re-
                     ceived by the interface per  second  [ipv6IfIcmpInDestUn-
                     reachs].

              odtunr6/s
                     The  number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages sent
                     by the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutDestUnreachs].

              itmex6/s
                     The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received by the
                     interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInTimeExcds].

              otmex6/s
                     The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent by the in-
                     terface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutTimeExcds].

              iprmpb6/s
                     The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received by
                     the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInParmProblems].

              oprmpb6/s
                     The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent by the
                     interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutParmProblems].

              iredir6/s
                     The number of Redirect messages received by the interface
                     per second [ipv6IfIcmpInRedirects].

              oredir6/s
                     The  number of Redirect messages sent by the interface by
                     second [ipv6IfIcmpOutRedirects].

              ipck2b6/s
                     The number of ICMP Packet Too Big  messages  received  by
                     the interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInPktTooBigs].

              opck2b6/s
                     The  number  of  ICMP Packet Too Big messages sent by the
                     interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutPktTooBigs].

              With the IP keyword, statistics about IPv4 network  traffic  are
              reported.  Note that IPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S
              SNMP" to be collected.  The following values are displayed (for-
              mal SNMP names between square brackets):

              irec/s
                     The  total number of input datagrams received from inter-
                     faces per second, including those received in error  [ip-
                     InReceives].

              fwddgm/s
                     The  number of input datagrams per second, for which this
                     entity was not their final IP destination, as a result of
                     which an attempt was made to find a route to forward them
                     to that final destination [ipForwDatagrams].

              idel/s
                     The total number of input datagrams  successfully  deliv-
                     ered  per  second  to  IP user-protocols (including ICMP)
                     [ipInDelivers].

              orq/s
                     The total number of IP datagrams which local IP user-pro-
                     tocols  (including ICMP) supplied per second to IP in re-
                     quests for transmission [ipOutRequests].  Note that  this
                     counter  does  not  include any datagrams counted in fwd-
                     dgm/s.

              asmrq/s
                     The number of IP  fragments  received  per  second  which
                     needed to be reassembled at this entity [ipReasmReqds].

              asmok/s
                     The  number of IP datagrams successfully re-assembled per
                     second [ipReasmOKs].

              fragok/s
                     The number of IP datagrams that  have  been  successfully
                     fragmented at this entity per second [ipFragOKs].

              fragcrt/s
                     The number of IP datagram fragments that have been gener-
                     ated per second as a result of fragmentation at this  en-
                     tity [ipFragCreates].

              With  the  EIP keyword, statistics about IPv4 network errors are
              reported.  Note that IPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S
              SNMP" to be collected.  The following values are displayed (for-
              mal SNMP names between square brackets):

              ihdrerr/s
                     The number of input datagrams discarded per second due to
                     errors in their IP headers, including bad checksums, ver-
                     sion number mismatch, other format  errors,  time-to-live
                     exceeded,  errors  discovered  in processing their IP op-
                     tions, etc. [ipInHdrErrors]

              iadrerr/s
                     The number of input datagrams discarded  per  second  be-
                     cause  the  IP  address  in their IP header's destination
                     field was not a valid address to be received at this  en-
                     tity.   This  count  includes  invalid  addresses  (e.g.,
                     0.0.0.0) and  addresses  of  unsupported  Classes  (e.g.,
                     Class  E).  For  entities  which  are  not IP routers and
                     therefore do not forward datagrams, this counter includes
                     datagrams  discarded  because the destination address was
                     not a local address [ipInAddrErrors].

              iukwnpr/s
                     The number of locally-addressed datagrams  received  suc-
                     cessfully  but discarded per second because of an unknown
                     or unsupported protocol [ipInUnknownProtos].

              idisc/s
                     The number of input IP datagrams per second for which  no
                     problems were encountered to prevent their continued pro-
                     cessing, but which were discarded (e.g., for lack of buf-
                     fer  space)  [ipInDiscards].  Note that this counter does
                     not include any datagrams discarded while awaiting re-as-
                     sembly.

              odisc/s
                     The number of output IP datagrams per second for which no
                     problem was encountered to prevent their transmission  to
                     their  destination,  but  which were discarded (e.g., for
                     lack of buffer space) [ipOutDiscards].   Note  that  this
                     counter  would  include  datagrams counted in fwddgm/s if
                     any such packets met this (discretionary) discard  crite-
                     rion.

              onort/s
                     The  number  of IP datagrams discarded per second because
                     no route could be found to transmit them to their  desti-
                     nation  [ipOutNoRoutes].  Note that this counter includes
                     any  packets  counted  in  fwddgm/s   which   meet   this
                     'no-route'  criterion.  Note that this includes any data-
                     grams which a host cannot route because all  of  its  de-
                     fault routers are down.

              asmf/s
                     The  number  of  failures  detected  per second by the IP
                     re-assembly algorithm (for whatever  reason:  timed  out,
                     errors,  etc) [ipReasmFails].  Note that this is not nec-
                     essarily a count of discarded IP fragments since some al-
                     gorithms  can  lose  track  of the number of fragments by
                     combining them as they are received.

              fragf/s
                     The number of IP datagrams that have been  discarded  per
                     second  because  they needed to be fragmented at this en-
                     tity but could not be, e.g., because their Don't Fragment
                     flag was set [ipFragFails].

              With  the IP6 keyword, statistics about IPv6 network traffic are
              reported.  Note that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S
              IPV6" to be collected.  The following values are displayed (for-
              mal SNMP names between square brackets):

              irec6/s
                     The total number of input datagrams received from  inter-
                     faces  per  second,  including  those  received  in error
                     [ipv6IfStatsInReceives].

              fwddgm6/s
                     The number of output datagrams per second which this  en-
                     tity  received  and forwarded to their final destinations
                     [ipv6IfStatsOutForwDatagrams].

              idel6/s
                     The total number of datagrams successfully delivered  per
                     second  to IPv6 user-protocols (including ICMP) [ipv6IfS-
                     tatsInDelivers].

              orq6/s
                     The total number  of  IPv6  datagrams  which  local  IPv6
                     user-protocols  (including  ICMP)  supplied per second to
                     IPv6  in  requests  for  transmission  [ipv6IfStatsOutRe-
                     quests].   Note  that  this  counter does not include any
                     datagrams counted in fwddgm6/s.

              asmrq6/s
                     The number of IPv6 fragments received  per  second  which
                     needed  to  be reassembled at this interface [ipv6IfStat-
                     sReasmReqds].

              asmok6/s
                     The number of IPv6 datagrams successfully reassembled per
                     second [ipv6IfStatsReasmOKs].

              imcpck6/s
                     The  number  of  multicast packets received per second by
                     the interface [ipv6IfStatsInMcastPkts].

              omcpck6/s
                     The number of multicast packets transmitted per second by
                     the interface [ipv6IfStatsOutMcastPkts].

              fragok6/s
                     The  number of IPv6 datagrams that have been successfully
                     fragmented at this output interface per second  [ipv6IfS-
                     tatsOutFragOKs].

              fragcr6/s
                     The  number  of  output datagram fragments that have been
                     generated per second as a result of fragmentation at this
                     output interface [ipv6IfStatsOutFragCreates].

              With  the EIP6 keyword, statistics about IPv6 network errors are
              reported.  Note that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S
              IPV6" to be collected.  The following values are displayed (for-
              mal SNMP names between square brackets):

              ihdrer6/s
                     The number of input datagrams discarded per second due to
                     errors  in  their  IPv6 headers, including version number
                     mismatch, other format errors, hop count exceeded, errors
                     discovered   in   processing  their  IPv6  options,  etc.
                     [ipv6IfStatsInHdrErrors]

              iadrer6/s
                     The number of input datagrams discarded  per  second  be-
                     cause the IPv6 address in their IPv6 header's destination
                     field was not a valid address to be received at this  en-
                     tity.  This  count includes invalid addresses (e.g., ::0)
                     and unsupported addresses (e.g., addresses  with  unallo-
                     cated  prefixes). For entities which are not IPv6 routers
                     and therefore do not forward datagrams, this counter  in-
                     cludes  datagrams  discarded  because the destination ad-
                     dress was not a local address [ipv6IfStatsInAddrErrors].

              iukwnp6/s
                     The number of locally-addressed datagrams  received  suc-
                     cessfully  but discarded per second because of an unknown
                     or unsupported protocol [ipv6IfStatsInUnknownProtos].

              i2big6/s
                     The number of input datagrams that could not be forwarded
                     per  second  because  their size exceeded the link MTU of
                     outgoing interface [ipv6IfStatsInTooBigErrors].

              idisc6/s
                     The number of input IPv6 datagrams per second  for  which
                     no  problems  were encountered to prevent their continued
                     processing, but which were discarded (e.g., for  lack  of
                     buffer  space)  [ipv6IfStatsInDiscards].  Note  that this
                     counter does not include any  datagrams  discarded  while
                     awaiting re-assembly.

              odisc6/s
                     The  number of output IPv6 datagrams per second for which
                     no problem was encountered to prevent their  transmission
                     to their destination, but which were discarded (e.g., for
                     lack of buffer space) [ipv6IfStatsOutDiscards]. Note that
                     this counter would include datagrams counted in fwddgm6/s
                     if any such packets met this (discretionary) discard cri-
                     terion.

              inort6/s
                     The  number  of  input datagrams discarded per second be-
                     cause no route could be found to transmit them  to  their
                     destination [ipv6IfStatsInNoRoutes].

              onort6/s
                     The  number  of  locally generated IP datagrams discarded
                     per second because no route could be  found  to  transmit
                     them to their destination [unknown formal SNMP name].

              asmf6/s
                     The  number  of  failures detected per second by the IPv6
                     re-assembly algorithm (for whatever  reason:  timed  out,
                     errors, etc.) [ipv6IfStatsReasmFails].  Note that this is
                     not necessarily a count of discarded IPv6 fragments since
                     some algorithms can lose track of the number of fragments
                     by combining them as they are received.

              fragf6/s
                     The number of IPv6 datagrams that have been discarded per
                     second  because they needed to be fragmented at this out-
                     put interface but could not be [ipv6IfStatsOutFragFails].

              itrpck6/s
                     The number of input datagrams discarded  per  second  be-
                     cause  datagram  frame didn't carry enough data [ipv6IfS-
                     tatsInTruncatedPkts].

              With the NFS keyword, statistics about NFS client  activity  are
              reported.  The following values are displayed:

              call/s
                     Number of RPC requests made per second.

              retrans/s
                     Number  of RPC requests per second, those which needed to
                     be retransmitted (for example because of a  server  time-
                     out).

              read/s
                     Number of 'read' RPC calls made per second.

              write/s
                     Number of 'write' RPC calls made per second.

              access/s
                     Number of 'access' RPC calls made per second.

              getatt/s
                     Number of 'getattr' RPC calls made per second.

              With  the NFSD keyword, statistics about NFS server activity are
              reported.  The following values are displayed:

              scall/s
                     Number of RPC requests received per second.

              badcall/s
                     Number of bad RPC requests  received  per  second,  those
                     whose processing generated an error.

              packet/s
                     Number of network packets received per second.

              udp/s
                     Number of UDP packets received per second.

              tcp/s
                     Number of TCP packets received per second.

              hit/s
                     Number of reply cache hits per second.

              miss/s
                     Number of reply cache misses per second.

              sread/s
                     Number of 'read' RPC calls received per second.

              swrite/s
                     Number of 'write' RPC calls received per second.

              saccess/s
                     Number of 'access' RPC calls received per second.

              sgetatt/s
                     Number of 'getattr' RPC calls received per second.

              With the SOCK keyword, statistics on sockets in use are reported
              (IPv4).  The following values are displayed:

              totsck
                     Total number of sockets used by the system.

              tcpsck
                     Number of TCP sockets currently in use.

              udpsck
                     Number of UDP sockets currently in use.

              rawsck
                     Number of RAW sockets currently in use.

              ip-frag
                     Number of IP fragments currently in queue.

              tcp-tw
                     Number of TCP sockets in TIME_WAIT state.

              With the SOCK6 keyword, statistics on sockets  in  use  are  re-
              ported  (IPv6).   Note that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's op-
              tion "-S IPV6" to be collected.  The following values  are  dis-
              played:

              tcp6sck
                     Number of TCPv6 sockets currently in use.

              udp6sck
                     Number of UDPv6 sockets currently in use.

              raw6sck
                     Number of RAWv6 sockets currently in use.

              ip6-frag
                     Number of IPv6 fragments currently in use.

              With  the  SOFT keyword, statistics about software-based network
              processing are reported.  The following values are displayed:

              total/s
                     The total number of network frames processed per second.

              dropd/s
                     The total number of network frames dropped per second be-
                     cause there was no room on the processing queue.

              squeezd/s
                     The  number  of times the softirq handler function termi-
                     nated per second because its budget was consumed  or  the
                     time  limit  was  reached,  but more work could have been
                     done.

              rx_rps/s
                     The number of times the CPU has been woken up per  second
                     to process packets via an inter-processor interrupt.

              flw_lim/s
                     The  number  of times the flow limit has been reached per
                     second.  Flow limiting is an optional  RPS  feature  that
                     can  be used to limit the number of packets queued to the
                     backlog for each flow to a certain amount.  This can help
                     ensure  that smaller flows are processed even though much
                     larger flows are pushing packets in.

              With the TCP keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network traffic are
              reported.   Note  that  TCPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option
              "-S SNMP" to be collected.  The following values  are  displayed
              (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              active/s
                     The  number  of  times TCP connections have made a direct
                     transition to the SYN-SENT state from  the  CLOSED  state
                     per second [tcpActiveOpens].

              passive/s
                     The  number  of  times TCP connections have made a direct
                     transition to the SYN-RCVD state from  the  LISTEN  state
                     per second [tcpPassiveOpens].

              iseg/s
                     The total number of segments received per second, includ-
                     ing those received in error [tcpInSegs].  This count  in-
                     cludes segments received on currently established connec-
                     tions.

              oseg/s
                     The total number of segments sent per  second,  including
                     those on current connections but excluding those contain-
                     ing only retransmitted octets [tcpOutSegs].

              With the ETCP keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network errors are
              reported.   Note  that  TCPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option
              "-S SNMP" to be collected.  The following values  are  displayed
              (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              atmptf/s
                     The  number of times per second TCP connections have made
                     a direct transition to the CLOSED state from  either  the
                     SYN-SENT  state or the SYN-RCVD state, plus the number of
                     times per second TCP connections have made a direct tran-
                     sition  to  the LISTEN state from the SYN-RCVD state [tc-
                     pAttemptFails].

              estres/s
                     The number of times per second TCP connections have  made
                     a  direct  transition to the CLOSED state from either the
                     ESTABLISHED state or the  CLOSE-WAIT  state  [tcpEstabRe-
                     sets].

              retrans/s
                     The  total  number of segments retransmitted per second -
                     that is, the number of TCP segments transmitted  contain-
                     ing  one  or  more  previously transmitted octets [tcpRe-
                     transSegs].

              isegerr/s
                     The total number of segments received in error (e.g., bad
                     TCP checksums) per second [tcpInErrs].

              orsts/s
                     The number of TCP segments sent per second containing the
                     RST flag [tcpOutRsts].

              With the UDP keyword, statistics about UDPv4 network traffic are
              reported.   Note  that  UDPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option
              "-S SNMP" to be collected.  The following values  are  displayed
              (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              idgm/s
                     The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per second to
                     UDP users [udpInDatagrams].

              odgm/s
                     The total number of UDP datagrams sent  per  second  from
                     this entity [udpOutDatagrams].

              noport/s
                     The total number of received UDP datagrams per second for
                     which there was no application at  the  destination  port
                     [udpNoPorts].

              idgmerr/s
                     The  number  of  received  UDP  datagrams per second that
                     could not be delivered for reasons other than the lack of
                     an application at the destination port [udpInErrors].

              With  the  UDP6  keyword, statistics about UDPv6 network traffic
              are reported.  Note that UDPv6 statistics depend on  sadc's  op-
              tion  "-S  IPV6" to be collected.  The following values are dis-
              played (formal SNMP names between square brackets):

              idgm6/s
                     The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per second to
                     UDP users [udpInDatagrams].

              odgm6/s
                     The  total  number  of UDP datagrams sent per second from
                     this entity [udpOutDatagrams].

              noport6/s
                     The total number of received UDP datagrams per second for
                     which  there  was  no application at the destination port
                     [udpNoPorts].

              idgmer6/s
                     The number of received  UDP  datagrams  per  second  that
                     could not be delivered for reasons other than the lack of
                     an application at the destination port [udpInErrors].

              The ALL keyword is equivalent to  specifying  all  the  keywords
              above and therefore all the network activities are reported.

       -o [ filename ]
              Save the readings in the file in binary form. Each reading is in
              a separate record. The default value of the  filename  parameter
              is  the  current  standard  system activity daily data file.  If
              filename is a directory instead of a plain file then it is  con-
              sidered  as  the  directory  where  the standard system activity
              daily data files are located.  The -o option is exclusive of the
              -f  option.  All the data available from the kernel are saved in
              the file (in fact, sar calls its data collector  sadc  with  the
              option "-S ALL".  See sadc(8) manual page).

       -P { cpu_list | ALL }
              Report  per-processor  statistics for the specified processor or
              processors.  cpu_list is a list  of  comma-separated  values  or
              range  of  values (e.g., 0,2,4-7,12-).  Note that processor 0 is
              the first processor, and processor all  is  the  global  average
              among  all  processors.  Specifying the ALL keyword reports sta-
              tistics for each individual processor, and globally for all pro-
              cessors. Offline processors are not displayed.

       -p     Pretty-print  device  names. Use this option in conjunction with
              option -d.  By default names are printed as devM-n where M and n
              are the major and minor numbers for the device.  Use of this op-
              tion displays the names of the devices as they  (should)  appear
              in  /dev.  Name  mappings  are  controlled  by /etc/sysstat/sys-
              stat.ioconf.

       -q [ keyword [,...] | ALL ]
              Report system load and pressure-stall statistics.

              Possible keywords are CPU, IO, LOAD, MEM, and PSI.

              With the CPU keyword, CPU pressure statistics are reported.  The
              following values are displayed:

              %scpu-10
                     Percentage  of the time that at least some runnable tasks
                     were delayed because the CPU  was  unavailable  to  them,
                     over the last 10 second window.

              %scpu-60
                     Percentage  of the time that at least some runnable tasks
                     were delayed because the CPU  was  unavailable  to  them,
                     over the last 60 second window.

              %scpu-300
                     Percentage  of the time that at least some runnable tasks
                     were delayed because the CPU  was  unavailable  to  them,
                     over the last 300 second window.

              %scpu
                     Percentage  of the time that at least some runnable tasks
                     were delayed because the CPU  was  unavailable  to  them,
                     over the last time interval.

              With  the IO keyword, I/O pressure statistics are reported.  The
              following values are displayed:

              %sio-10
                     Percentage of the time that  at  least  some  tasks  lost
                     waiting for I/O, over the last 10 second window.

              %sio-60
                     Percentage  of  the  time  that  at least some tasks lost
                     waiting for I/O, over the last 60 second window.

              %sio-300
                     Percentage of the time that  at  least  some  tasks  lost
                     waiting for I/O, over the last 300 second window.

              %sio
                     Percentage  of  the  time  that  at least some tasks lost
                     waiting for I/O, over the last time interval.

              %fio-10
                     Percentage of the time during which  all  non-idle  tasks
                     were  stalled  waiting  for  I/O, over the last 10 second
                     window.

              %fio-60
                     Percentage of the time during which  all  non-idle  tasks
                     were  stalled  waiting  for  I/O, over the last 60 second
                     window.

              %fio-300
                     Percentage of the time during which  all  non-idle  tasks
                     were  stalled  waiting  for I/O, over the last 300 second
                     window.

              %fio
                     Percentage of the time during which  all  non-idle  tasks
                     were  stalled  waiting for I/O, over the last time inter-
                     val.

              With the LOAD keyword, queue length and load averages statistics
              are reported.  The following values are displayed:

              runq-sz
                     Run queue length (number of tasks waiting for run time).

              plist-sz
                     Number of tasks in the task list.

              ldavg-1
                     System  load average for the last minute.  The load aver-
                     age is calculated as the average number  of  runnable  or
                     running tasks (R state), and the number of tasks in unin-
                     terruptible sleep (D state) over the specified interval.

              ldavg-5
                     System load average for the past 5 minutes.

              ldavg-15
                     System load average for the past 15 minutes.

              blocked
                     Number of tasks currently blocked,  waiting  for  I/O  to
                     complete.

              With  the  MEM keyword, memory pressure statistics are reported.
              The following values are displayed:

              %smem-10
                     Percentage of the time during which at least  some  tasks
                     were  waiting for memory resources, over the last 10 sec-
                     ond window.

              %smem-60
                     Percentage of the time during which at least  some  tasks
                     were  waiting for memory resources, over the last 60 sec-
                     ond window.

              %smem-300
                     Percentage of the time during which at least  some  tasks
                     were waiting for memory resources, over the last 300 sec-
                     ond window.

              %smem
                     Percentage of the time during which at least  some  tasks
                     were waiting for memory resources, over the last time in-
                     terval.

              %fmem-10
                     Percentage of the time during which  all  non-idle  tasks
                     were  stalled waiting for memory resources, over the last
                     10 second window.

              %fmem-60
                     Percentage of the time during which  all  non-idle  tasks
                     were  stalled waiting for memory resources, over the last
                     60 second window.

              %fmem-300
                     Percentage of the time during which  all  non-idle  tasks
                     were  stalled waiting for memory resources, over the last
                     300 second window.

              %fmem
                     Percentage of the time during which  all  non-idle  tasks
                     were  stalled waiting for memory resources, over the last
                     time interval.

              The PSI keyword is equivalent to specifying CPU, IO and MEM key-
              words  together  and therefore all the pressure-stall statistics
              are reported.

              The ALL keyword is equivalent to  specifying  all  the  keywords
              above and therefore all the statistics are reported.

       -r [ ALL ]
              Report  memory utilization statistics. The ALL keyword indicates
              that all the memory fields should be displayed.   The  following
              values may be displayed:

              kbmemfree
                     Amount of free memory available in kilobytes.

              kbavail
                     Estimate of how much memory in kilobytes is available for
                     starting new applications, without swapping.   The  esti-
                     mate  takes  into account that the system needs some page
                     cache to function well, and that not all reclaimable slab
                     will  be  reclaimable, due to items being in use. The im-
                     pact of those factors will vary from system to system.

              kbmemused
                     Amount of used memory in kilobytes (calculated  as  total
                     installed memory - kbmemfree - kbbuffers - kbcached - kb-
                     slab).

              %memused
                     Percentage of used memory.

              kbbuffers
                     Amount of memory used as buffers by the kernel  in  kilo-
                     bytes.

              kbcached
                     Amount  of  memory  used  to  cache data by the kernel in
                     kilobytes.

              kbcommit
                     Amount of memory in kilobytes needed  for  current  work-
                     load.  This is an estimate of how much RAM/swap is needed
                     to guarantee that there never is out of memory.

              %commit
                     Percentage of memory needed for current workload in rela-
                     tion to the total amount of memory (RAM+swap).  This num-
                     ber may be greater than 100% because the  kernel  usually
                     overcommits memory.

              kbactive
                     Amount  of  active  memory  in kilobytes (memory that has
                     been used more recently and usually not reclaimed  unless
                     absolutely necessary).

              kbinact
                     Amount  of inactive memory in kilobytes (memory which has
                     been less recently used. It is more eligible  to  be  re-
                     claimed for other purposes).

              kbdirty
                     Amount of memory in kilobytes waiting to get written back
                     to the disk.

              kbanonpg
                     Amount of non-file backed pages in kilobytes mapped  into
                     userspace page tables.

              kbslab
                     Amount of memory in kilobytes used by the kernel to cache
                     data structures for its own use.

              kbkstack
                     Amount of memory  in  kilobytes  used  for  kernel  stack
                     space.

              kbpgtbl
                     Amount  of  memory  in  kilobytes dedicated to the lowest
                     level of page tables.

              kbvmused
                     Amount of memory in kilobytes  of  used  virtual  address
                     space.

       -S     Report  swap space utilization statistics.  The following values
              are displayed:

              kbswpfree
                     Amount of free swap space in kilobytes.

              kbswpused
                     Amount of used swap space in kilobytes.

              %swpused
                     Percentage of used swap space.

              kbswpcad
                     Amount of cached swap memory in kilobytes.  This is  mem-
                     ory  that  once  was  swapped out, is swapped back in but
                     still also is in the swap area (if memory  is  needed  it
                     doesn't  need  to  be swapped out again because it is al-
                     ready in the swap area. This saves I/O).

              %swpcad
                     Percentage of cached  swap  memory  in  relation  to  the
                     amount of used swap space.

       -s [ hh:mm[:ss] ]
              Set  the  starting  time of the data, causing the sar command to
              extract records time-tagged at, or following,  the  time  speci-
              fied.  The  default  starting  time  is 08:00:00.  Hours must be
              given in 24-hour format. This option can be used only when  data
              are read from a file (option -f).

       --sadc Indicate  which  data  collector  is called by sar.  If the data
              collector is sought in PATH then  enter  "which  sadc"  to  know
              where it is located.

       -t     When  reading  data  from  a  daily data file, indicate that sar
              should display the timestamps in the original local time of  the
              data file creator. Without this option, the sar command displays
              the timestamps in the user's locale time.

       -u [ ALL ]
              Report CPU utilization. The ALL keyword indicates that  all  the
              CPU fields should be displayed.  The report may show the follow-
              ing fields:

              %user
                     Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while execut-
                     ing at the user level (application). Note that this field
                     includes time spent running virtual processors.

              %usr
                     Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while execut-
                     ing at the user level (application). Note that this field
                     does NOT include time spent running virtual processors.

              %nice
                     Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while execut-
                     ing at the user level with nice priority.

              %system
                     Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while execut-
                     ing at the system level (kernel). Note  that  this  field
                     includes  time  spent servicing hardware and software in-
                     terrupts.

              %sys
                     Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while execut-
                     ing  at  the  system level (kernel). Note that this field
                     does NOT include time spent servicing hardware  or  soft-
                     ware interrupts.

              %iowait
                     Percentage  of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during
                     which the system had an outstanding disk I/O request.

              %steal
                     Percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the  vir-
                     tual  CPU  or CPUs while the hypervisor was servicing an-
                     other virtual processor.

              %irq
                     Percentage of time spent by the CPU or  CPUs  to  service
                     hardware interrupts.

              %soft
                     Percentage  of  time  spent by the CPU or CPUs to service
                     software interrupts.

              %guest
                     Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a vir-
                     tual processor.

              %gnice
                     Percentage  of  time  spent  by  the CPU or CPUs to run a
                     niced guest.

              %idle
                     Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the
                     system did not have an outstanding disk I/O request.

       -V     Print version number then exit.

       -v     Report  status of inode, file and other kernel tables.  The fol-
              lowing values are displayed:

              dentunusd
                     Number of unused cache entries in the directory cache.

              file-nr
                     Number of file handles used by the system.

              inode-nr
                     Number of inode handlers used by the system.

              pty-nr
                     Number of pseudo-terminals used by the system.

       -W     Report swapping statistics. The following values are displayed:

              pswpin/s
                     Total number of swap pages the system brought in per sec-
                     ond.

              pswpout/s
                     Total  number  of  swap  pages the system brought out per
                     second.

       -w     Report task creation and system switching activity.

              proc/s
                     Total number of tasks created per second.

              cswch/s
                     Total number of context switches per second.

       -y     Report TTY devices activity. The following values are displayed:

              rcvin/s
                     Number of receive interrupts per second for  current  se-
                     rial line. Serial line number is given in the TTY column.

              xmtin/s
                     Number  of transmit interrupts per second for current se-
                     rial line.

              framerr/s
                     Number of frame errors  per  second  for  current  serial
                     line.

              prtyerr/s
                     Number  of  parity  errors  per second for current serial
                     line.

              brk/s
                     Number of breaks per second for current serial line.

              ovrun/s
                     Number of overrun errors per second  for  current  serial
                     line.

       -z     Tell  sar  to omit output for any devices for which there was no
              activity during the sample period.

ENVIRONMENT
       The sar command takes into account the following environment variables:

       S_COLORS
              When this variable is set, display statistics in  color  on  the
              terminal.   Possible  values for this variable are never, always
              or auto (the latter is the default).

              Note: On Debian sysstems the colors  are  displayed  by  default
              when  output is connected to the terminal, even if this variable
              is not set (i.e. unset variable is treated as if it were set  to
              auto).

              Please  note  that  the  color (being red, yellow, or some other
              color) used to display a value is not indicative of any kind  of
              issue  simply  because of the color. It only indicates different
              ranges of values.

       S_COLORS_SGR
              Specify the colors and other attributes used to display  statis-
              tics  on  the  terminal.  Its value is a colon-separated list of
              capabilities            that             defaults             to
              C=33;22:H=31;1:I=32;22:M=35;1:N=34;1:R=31;22:Z=34;22.  Supported
              capabilities are:

              C=     SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) substring for comments in-
                     serted in the binary daily data files.

              H=     SGR substring for percentage values greater than or equal
                     to 75%.

              I=     SGR substring for item names or values (eg.  network  in-
                     terfaces, CPU number...)

              M=     SGR substring for percentage values in the range from 50%
                     to 75%.

              N=     SGR substring for non-zero statistics values.

              R=     SGR substring for restart messages.

              Z=     SGR substring for zero values.

       S_TIME_DEF_TIME
              If this variable exists and its value is UTC then sar will  save
              its  data  in  UTC  time  (data will still be displayed in local
              time).  sar will also use UTC time instead of local time to  de-
              termine the current daily data file located in the /var/log/sys-
              stat directory. This variable may be  useful  for  servers  with
              users located across several timezones.

       S_TIME_FORMAT
              If  this  variable  exists and its value is ISO then the current
              locale will be ignored when printing  the  date  in  the  report
              header.    The   sar  command  will  use  the  ISO  8601  format
              (YYYY-MM-DD) instead.  The timestamp will also be compliant with
              ISO 8601 format.

EXAMPLES
       sar -u 2 5
              Report  CPU  utilization  for  each  2 seconds. 5 lines are dis-
              played.

       sar -I 14 -o int14.file 2 10
              Report statistics on IRQ 14 for each 2  seconds.  10  lines  are
              displayed.  Data are stored in a file called int14.file.

       sar -r -n DEV -f /var/log/sysstat/sa16
              Display  memory  and network statistics saved in daily data file
              'sa16'.

       sar -A
              Display all the statistics saved in current daily data file.

BUGS
       /proc filesystem must be mounted for the sar command to work.

       All the statistics are not necessarily available, depending on the ker-
       nel  version  used.  sar assumes that you are using at least a 2.6 ker-
       nel.

FILES
       /var/log/sysstat/saDD
       /var/log/sysstat/saYYYYMMDD
              The standard system activity daily data files and their  default
              location.   YYYY stands for the current year, MM for the current
              month and DD for the current day.

       /proc and /sys contain various files with system statistics.

AUTHOR
       Sebastien Godard (sysstat <at> orange.fr)

SEE ALSO
       sadc(8), sa1(8), sa2(8), sadf(1),  sysstat(5),  pidstat(1),  mpstat(1),
       iostat(1), vmstat(8)

       https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat

       http://pagesperso-orange.fr/sebastien.godard/

Linux                             APRIL 2020                            SAR(1)

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