gpg2(1)



GPG(1)                       GNU Privacy Guard 2.2                      GPG(1)

NAME
       gpg - OpenPGP encryption and signing tool

SYNOPSIS
       gpg [--homedir dir] [--options file] [options] command [args]

DESCRIPTION
       gpg  is the OpenPGP part of the GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG). It is a tool
       to provide digital encryption and signing services  using  the  OpenPGP
       standard.  gpg  features  complete key management and all the bells and
       whistles you would expect from a full OpenPGP implementation.

       There are two main versions of GnuPG: GnuPG 1.x and GnuPG  2.x.   GnuPG
       2.x  supports modern encryption algorithms and thus should be preferred
       over GnuPG 1.x.  You only need  to  use  GnuPG  1.x  if  your  platform
       doesn't  support  GnuPG 2.x, or you need support for some features that
       GnuPG 2.x has deprecated, e.g.,  decrypting  data  created  with  PGP-2
       keys.

       If  you  are  looking for version 1 of GnuPG, you may find that version
       installed under the name gpg1.

RETURN VALUE
       The program returns 0 if there are no severe errors, 1 if  at  least  a
       signature was bad, and other error codes for fatal errors.

       Note  that  signature verification requires exact knowledge of what has
       been signed and by whom it has beensigned.  Using only the return  code
       is  thus not an appropriate way to verify a signature by a script.  Ei-
       ther make proper use or the status codes or use the gpgv tool which has
       been designed to make signature verification easy for scripts.

WARNINGS
       Use  a good password for your user account and make sure that all secu-
       rity issues are always fixed on your  machine.   Also  employ  diligent
       physical protection to your machine.  Consider to use a good passphrase
       as a last resort protection to your secret key in the case your machine
       gets  stolen.   It  is  important that your secret key is never leaked.
       Using an easy to carry around token or smartcard with the secret key is
       often a advisable.

       If you are going to verify detached signatures, make sure that the pro-
       gram knows about it; either give both filenames on the command line  or
       use '-' to specify STDIN.

       For  scripted  or  other unattended use of gpg make sure to use the ma-
       chine-parseable interface and not the default interface  which  is  in-
       tended  for direct use by humans.  The machine-parseable interface pro-
       vides a stable and well documented API independent of the locale or fu-
       ture  changes of gpg.  To enable this interface use the options --with-
       colons and --status-fd.  For certain operations the option --command-fd
       may  come  handy too.  See this man page and the file 'DETAILS' for the
       specification of the interface.  Note that the GnuPG ``info'' pages  as
       well as the PDF version of the GnuPG manual features a chapter on unat-
       tended use of GnuPG.  As an alternative the library GPGME can  be  used
       as a high-level abstraction on top of that interface.

INTEROPERABILITY
       GnuPG  tries  to be a very flexible implementation of the OpenPGP stan-
       dard. In particular, GnuPG implements many of the optional parts of the
       standard,  such as the SHA-512 hash, and the ZLIB and BZIP2 compression
       algorithms. It is important to be aware that not all  OpenPGP  programs
       implement  these  optional algorithms and that by forcing their use via
       the --cipher-algo, --digest-algo,  --cert-digest-algo,  or  --compress-
       algo  options  in  GnuPG,  it  is  possible to create a perfectly valid
       OpenPGP message, but one that cannot be read by the intended recipient.

       There are dozens of variations of OpenPGP programs available, and  each
       supports a slightly different subset of these optional algorithms.  For
       example, until recently, no (unhacked) version  of  PGP  supported  the
       BLOWFISH cipher algorithm. A message using BLOWFISH simply could not be
       read by a PGP user. By default, GnuPG uses the standard OpenPGP prefer-
       ences  system  that  will always do the right thing and create messages
       that are usable by all recipients, regardless of which OpenPGP  program
       they  use.  Only override this safe default if you really know what you
       are doing.

       If you absolutely must override the safe default, or if the preferences
       on  a given key are invalid for some reason, you are far better off us-
       ing the --pgp6, --pgp7, or --pgp8 options. These options  are  safe  as
       they  do  not  force any particular algorithms in violation of OpenPGP,
       but rather reduce the available algorithms to a "PGP-safe" list.

COMMANDS
       Commands are not distinguished from options except for  the  fact  that
       only  one  command  is allowed.  Generally speaking, irrelevant options
       are silently ignored, and may not be checked for correctness.

       gpg may be run with no commands. In this case it will print  a  warning
       perform  a  reasonable action depending on the type of file it is given
       as input (an encrypted message is decrypted, a signature is verified, a
       file containing keys is listed, etc.).

       If  you  run  into any problems, please add the option --verbose to the
       invocation to see more diagnostics.

   Commands not specific to the function

       --version
              Print the program version and licensing information.  Note  that
              you cannot abbreviate this command.

       --help
       -h     Print  a  usage message summarizing the most useful command-line
              options.  Note that you cannot arbitrarily abbreviate this  com-
              mand (though you can use its short form -h).

       --warranty
              Print warranty information.

       --dump-options
              Print  a  list of all available options and commands.  Note that
              you cannot abbreviate this command.

   Commands to select the type of operation

       --sign
       -s     Sign a message. This command may be combined with --encrypt  (to
              sign  and encrypt a message), --symmetric (to sign and symmetri-
              cally encrypt a message), or both --encrypt and --symmetric  (to
              sign  and encrypt a message that can be decrypted using a secret
              key or a passphrase).  The signing key is chosen by  default  or
              can  be  set explicitly using the --local-user and --default-key
              options.

       --clear-sign
       --clearsign
              Make a cleartext signature.  The content in a  cleartext  signa-
              ture  is readable without any special software. OpenPGP software
              is only needed to verify the  signature.   cleartext  signatures
              may  modify end-of-line whitespace for platform independence and
              are not intended to be reversible.  The signing key is chosen by
              default  or  can  be  set  explicitly using the --local-user and
              --default-key options.

       --detach-sign
       -b     Make a detached signature.

       --encrypt
       -e     Encrypt data to one or more public keys.  This  command  may  be
              combined  with --sign (to sign and encrypt a message), --symmet-
              ric (to encrypt a message that can be decrypted using  a  secret
              key  or a passphrase), or --sign and --symmetric together (for a
              signed message that can be decrypted using a  secret  key  or  a
              passphrase).  --recipient and related options specify which pub-
              lic keys to use for encryption.

       --symmetric
       -c     Encrypt with a symmetric cipher using a passphrase. The  default
              symmetric  cipher  used  is  AES-128, but may be chosen with the
              --cipher-algo option. This command may be combined  with  --sign
              (for  a  signed  and symmetrically encrypted message), --encrypt
              (for a message that may be decrypted  via  a  secret  key  or  a
              passphrase), or --sign and --encrypt together (for a signed mes-
              sage that may be decrypted via a secret key  or  a  passphrase).
              gpg  caches the passphrase used for symmetric encryption so that
              a decrypt operation may not require that the user needs to enter
              the  passphrase.   The  option  --no-symkey-cache can be used to
              disable this feature.

       --store
              Store only (make a simple literal data packet).

       --decrypt
       -d     Decrypt the file given on the command line (or STDIN if no  file
              is specified) and write it to STDOUT (or the file specified with
              --output). If the decrypted file is  signed,  the  signature  is
              also  verified. This command differs from the default operation,
              as it never writes to the filename which is included in the file
              and it rejects files that don't begin with an encrypted message.

       --verify
              Assume  that  the  first argument is a signed file and verify it
              without generating any output.  With no arguments, the signature
              packet  is  read from STDIN.  If only one argument is given, the
              specified file is expected to include a complete signature.

              With more than one argument, the first argument should specify a
              file  with  a  detached signature and the remaining files should
              contain the signed data. To read the signed data from STDIN, use
              '-'  as  the  second filename.  For security reasons, a detached
              signature will not read the signed material from  STDIN  if  not
              explicitly specified.

              Note:  If  the option --batch is not used, gpg may assume that a
              single argument is a file with a detached signature, and it will
              try  to find a matching data file by stripping certain suffixes.
              Using this historical feature to verify a detached signature  is
              strongly  discouraged;  you  should always specify the data file
              explicitly.

              Note: When verifying a cleartext signature,  gpg  verifies  only
              what  makes  up the cleartext signed data and not any extra data
              outside of the cleartext signature or the header lines  directly
              following the dash marker line.  The option --output may be used
              to write out the actual signed data, but there  are  other  pit-
              falls with this format as well.  It is suggested to avoid clear-
              text signatures in favor of detached signatures.

              Note: Sometimes the use of the gpgv tool is  easier  than  using
              the full-fledged gpg with this option.  gpgv is designed to com-
              pare signed data against a list of trusted keys and returns with
              success only for a good signature.  It has its own manual page.

       --multifile
              This  modifies  certain  other commands to accept multiple files
              for processing on the command line or read from STDIN with  each
              filename  on  a  separate line. This allows for many files to be
              processed at once. --multifile may currently be used along  with
              --verify, --encrypt, and --decrypt. Note that --multifile --ver-
              ify may not be used with detached signatures.

       --verify-files
              Identical to --multifile --verify.

       --encrypt-files
              Identical to --multifile --encrypt.

       --decrypt-files
              Identical to --multifile --decrypt.

       --list-keys
       -k
       --list-public-keys
              List the specified keys.  If no keys  are  specified,  then  all
              keys from the configured public keyrings are listed.

              Never  use  the  output of this command in scripts or other pro-
              grams.  The output is intended only for humans and its format is
              likely  to change.  The --with-colons option emits the output in
              a stable, machine-parseable format, which is intended for use by
              scripts and other programs.

       --list-secret-keys
       -K     List  the specified secret keys.  If no keys are specified, then
              all known secret keys are listed.  A # after  the  initial  tags
              sec  or ssb means that the secret key or subkey is currently not
              usable.  We also say that this key has been taken  offline  (for
              example, a primary key can be taken offline by exporting the key
              using the command --export-secret-subkeys).   A  >  after  these
              tags  indicate  that the key is stored on a smartcard.  See also
              --list-keys.

       --check-signatures
       --check-sigs
              Same as --list-keys, but the key  signatures  are  verified  and
              listed  too.   Note  that for performance reasons the revocation
              status of a signing key is not shown.  This command has the same
              effect as using --list-keys with --with-sig-check.

              The  status  of the verification is indicated by a flag directly
              following the "sig" tag (and thus before the flags described be-
              low.   A  "!" indicates that the signature has been successfully
              verified, a "-" denotes a bad signature and a "%" is used if  an
              error  occurred  while  checking  the signature (e.g. a non sup-
              ported algorithm).  Signatures  where  the  public  key  is  not
              available  are  not  listed;  to  see  their  keyids the command
              --list-sigs can be used.

              For each signature listed, there are several  flags  in  between
              the  signature  status  flag  and keyid.  These flags give addi-
              tional information about  each  key  signature.   From  left  to
              right, they are the numbers 1-3 for certificate check level (see
              --ask-cert-level), "L" for a local or  non-exportable  signature
              (see  --lsign-key),  "R"  for  a nonRevocable signature (see the
              --edit-key command "nrsign"), "P" for a signature that  contains
              a  policy  URL (see --cert-policy-url), "N" for a signature that
              contains a notation (see --cert-notation), "X"  for  an  eXpired
              signature  (see  --ask-cert-expire),  and the numbers 1-9 or "T"
              for 10 and above to indicate trust  signature  levels  (see  the
              --edit-key command "tsign").

       --locate-keys
       --locate-external-keys
              Locate the keys given as arguments.  This command basically uses
              the same algorithm as used when locating keys for encryption  or
              signing and may thus be used to see what keys gpg might use.  In
              particular external methods as defined by --auto-key-locate  may
              be  used  to  locate  a  key.  Only public keys are listed.  The
              variant --locate-external-keys does not consider a  locally  ex-
              isting  key  and  can thus be used to force the refresh of a key
              via the defined external methods.

       --show-keys
              This commands takes OpenPGP keys as input and prints information
              about  them in the same way the command --list-keys does for lo-
              cally stored key.  In addition the list  options  show-unusable-
              uids, show-unusable-subkeys, show-notations and show-policy-urls
              are also enabled.  As usual for automated processing, this  com-
              mand should be combined with the option --with-colons.

       --fingerprint
              List  all  keys (or the specified ones) along with their finger-
              prints. This is the same output as --list-keys but with the  ad-
              ditional output of a line with the fingerprint. May also be com-
              bined with --check-signatures.  If this command is given  twice,
              the  fingerprints  of  all  secondary keys are listed too.  This
              command also forces pretty printing of fingerprints if the keyid
              format has been set to "none".

       --list-packets
              List  only the sequence of packets.  This command is only useful
              for debugging.  When used with option --verbose the  actual  MPI
              values  are  dumped  and  not only their lengths.  Note that the
              output of this command may change with new releases.

       --edit-card
       --card-edit
              Present a menu to work with a smartcard. The  subcommand  "help"
              provides  an  overview on available commands. For a detailed de-
              scription, please see the Card HOWTO at  https://gnupg.org/docu-
              mentation/howtos.html#GnuPG-cardHOWTO .

       --card-status
              Show the content of the smart card.

       --change-pin
              Present  a  menu  to allow changing the PIN of a smartcard. This
              functionality is also available as the subcommand "passwd"  with
              the --edit-card command.

       --delete-keys name
              Remove  key  from the public keyring. In batch mode either --yes
              is required or the key must be specified by fingerprint. This is
              a  safeguard  against  accidental deletion of multiple keys.  If
              the exclamation mark syntax is used with the  fingerprint  of  a
              subkey  only  that subkey is deleted; if the exclamation mark is
              used with the fingerprint of the primary key the  entire  public
              key is deleted.

       --delete-secret-keys name
              Remove  key  from the secret keyring. In batch mode the key must
              be specified by fingerprint.  The option --yes can  be  used  to
              advice gpg-agent not to request a confirmation.  This extra pre-
              caution is done because gpg can't be sure that  the  secret  key
              (as  controlled by gpg-agent) is only used for the given OpenPGP
              public key.  If the exclamation mark syntax  is  used  with  the
              fingerprint  of  a subkey only the secret part of that subkey is
              deleted; if the exclamation mark is used with the fingerprint of
              the  primary  key  only  the  secret  part of the primary key is
              deleted.

       --delete-secret-and-public-key name
              Same as --delete-key, but if a secret key exists, it will be re-
              moved  first. In batch mode the key must be specified by finger-
              print.  The option --yes can be used to advice gpg-agent not  to
              request a confirmation.

       --export
              Either  export  all keys from all keyrings (default keyrings and
              those registered via option --keyring), or if at least one  name
              is given, those of the given name. The exported keys are written
              to STDOUT or to the file given with option  --output.   Use  to-
              gether with --armor to mail those keys.

       --send-keys keyIDs
              Similar  to --export but sends the keys to a keyserver.  Finger-
              prints may be used instead of key IDs.  Don't send your complete
              keyring  to a keyserver --- select only those keys which are new
              or changed by you.  If no keyIDs are given, gpg does nothing.

       --export-secret-keys
       --export-secret-subkeys
              Same as --export, but exports the secret keys instead.  The  ex-
              ported  keys are written to STDOUT or to the file given with op-
              tion --output.  This command is often used along with the option
              --armor  to allow for easy printing of the key for paper backup;
              however the external tool paperkey does a better job of creating
              backups on paper.  Note that exporting a secret key can be a se-
              curity risk if the exported keys are sent over an insecure chan-
              nel.

              The  second form of the command has the special property to ren-
              der the secret part of the primary key useless; this  is  a  GNU
              extension  to  OpenPGP  and other implementations can not be ex-
              pected to successfully import such a key.  Its intended  use  is
              in  generating a full key with an additional signing subkey on a
              dedicated machine.  This command then exports  the  key  without
              the primary key to the main machine.

              GnuPG  may ask you to enter the passphrase for the key.  This is
              required, because the internal protection method of  the  secret
              key is different from the one specified by the OpenPGP protocol.

       --export-ssh-key
              This  command  is used to export a key in the OpenSSH public key
              format.  It requires the specification of one key by  the  usual
              means and exports the latest valid subkey which has an authenti-
              cation capability to STDOUT or to the  file  given  with  option
              --output.   That  output  can directly be added to ssh's 'autho-
              rized_key' file.

              By specifying the key to export using a key ID or a  fingerprint
              suffixed  with an exclamation mark (!), a specific subkey or the
              primary key can be exported.  This does not  even  require  that
              the key has the authentication capability flag set.

       --import
       --fast-import
              Import/merge  keys. This adds the given keys to the keyring. The
              fast version is currently just a synonym.

              There are a few other options which  control  how  this  command
              works.  Most notable here is the --import-options merge-only op-
              tion which does not insert new keys but does only the merging of
              new signatures, user-IDs and subkeys.

       --receive-keys keyIDs
       --recv-keys keyIDs
              Import the keys with the given keyIDs from a keyserver.

       --refresh-keys
              Request  updates from a keyserver for keys that already exist on
              the local keyring. This is useful for updating a  key  with  the
              latest signatures, user IDs, etc. Calling this with no arguments
              will refresh the entire keyring.

       --search-keys names
              Search the keyserver for the given names. Multiple  names  given
              here will be joined together to create the search string for the
              keyserver.  Note that keyservers search for names in a different
              and simpler way than gpg does.  The best choice is to use a mail
              address.  Due to data privacy reasons keyservers  may  even  not
              even  allow  searching  by  user id or mail address and thus may
              only return results when being used with the --recv-key  command
              to search by key fingerprint or keyid.

       --fetch-keys URIs
              Retrieve keys located at the specified URIs. Note that different
              installations of GnuPG may support  different  protocols  (HTTP,
              FTP,  LDAP,  etc.).   When  using HTTPS the system provided root
              certificates are used by this command.

       --update-trustdb
              Do trust database maintenance. This command  iterates  over  all
              keys and builds the Web of Trust. This is an interactive command
              because it may have to ask for the "ownertrust" values for keys.
              The  user  has  to  give an estimation of how far she trusts the
              owner of the displayed key to  correctly  certify  (sign)  other
              keys. GnuPG only asks for the ownertrust value if it has not yet
              been assigned to a key. Using the --edit-key menu, the  assigned
              value can be changed at any time.

       --check-trustdb
              Do  trust  database  maintenance  without user interaction. From
              time to time the trust database must be updated so that  expired
              keys or signatures and the resulting changes in the Web of Trust
              can be tracked. Normally, GnuPG will calculate when this is  re-
              quired and do it automatically unless --no-auto-check-trustdb is
              set. This command can be used to force a trust database check at
              any  time.  The  processing  is  identical  to that of --update-
              trustdb but it skips keys with a not yet defined "ownertrust".

              For use with cron jobs, this command can be used  together  with
              --batch in which case the trust database check is done only if a
              check is needed. To force a run even in batch mode add  the  op-
              tion --yes.

       --export-ownertrust
              Send  the ownertrust values to STDOUT. This is useful for backup
              purposes as these values are the only ones which  can't  be  re-
              created from a corrupted trustdb.  Example:
                  gpg --export-ownertrust > otrust.txt

       --import-ownertrust
              Update  the  trustdb  with the ownertrust values stored in files
              (or STDIN if not given); existing values  will  be  overwritten.
              In  case  of a severely damaged trustdb and if you have a recent
              backup of the ownertrust values (e.g. in the file 'otrust.txt'),
              you may re-create the trustdb using these commands:
                  cd ~/.gnupg
                  rm trustdb.gpg
                  gpg --import-ownertrust < otrust.txt

       --rebuild-keydb-caches
              When updating from version 1.0.6 to 1.0.7 this command should be
              used to create signature caches in  the  keyring.  It  might  be
              handy in other situations too.

       --print-md algo
       --print-mds
              Print  message  digest  of algorithm algo for all given files or
              STDIN.  With the second form (or a deprecated "*" for algo)  di-
              gests for all available algorithms are printed.

       --gen-random 0|1|2 count
              Emit count random bytes of the given quality level 0, 1 or 2. If
              count is not given or zero, an endless sequence of random  bytes
              will be emitted.  If used with --armor the output will be base64
              encoded.  PLEASE, don't use this command unless  you  know  what
              you are doing; it may remove precious entropy from the system!

       --gen-prime mode bits
              Use the source, Luke :-). The output format is subject to change
              with ant release.

       --enarmor
       --dearmor
              Pack or unpack an arbitrary input into/from an OpenPGP ASCII ar-
              mor.   This  is  a GnuPG extension to OpenPGP and in general not
              very useful.

       --tofu-policy {auto|good|unknown|bad|ask} keys
              Set the TOFU policy for all the  bindings  associated  with  the
              specified  keys.   For more information about the meaning of the
              policies, see: [trust-model-tofu].  The keys  may  be  specified
              either by their fingerprint (preferred) or their keyid.

   How to manage your keys

       This section explains the main commands for key management.

       --quick-generate-key user-id [algo [usage [expire]]]
       --quick-gen-key
              This  is  a  simple  command to generate a standard key with one
              user id.  In contrast to --generate-key the key is generated di-
              rectly  without  the  need to answer a bunch of prompts.  Unless
              the option --yes is given, the key creation will be canceled  if
              the given user id already exists in the keyring.

              If  invoked  directly on the console without any special options
              an answer to a ``Continue?'' style confirmation  prompt  is  re-
              quired.   In  case  the  user id already exists in the keyring a
              second prompt to force the creation of the key will show up.

              If algo or usage are given, only the primary key is created  and
              no  prompts  are shown.  To specify an expiration date but still
              create a primary and  subkey  use  ``default''  or  ``future-de-
              fault''  for  algo and ``default'' for usage.  For a description
              of these optional arguments  see  the  command  --quick-add-key.
              The  usage  accepts also the value ``cert'' which can be used to
              create a certification only primary key; the  default  is  to  a
              create certification and signing key.

              The  expire  argument  can be used to specify an expiration date
              for the key.  Several formats are supported;  commonly  the  ISO
              formats ``YYYY-MM-DD'' or ``YYYYMMDDThhmmss'' are used.  To make
              the key expire in N seconds, N days, N weeks,  N  months,  or  N
              years  use  ``seconds=N'', ``Nd'', ``Nw'', ``Nm'', or ``Ny'' re-
              spectively.  Not specifying a value, or using ``-'' results in a
              key  expiring  in  a  reasonable  default  interval.  The values
              ``never'', ``none'' can be used for no expiration date.

              If this command is used with --batch, --pinentry-mode  has  been
              set   to   loopback,   and   one   of   the  passphrase  options
              (--passphrase, --passphrase-fd, or passphrase-file) is used, the
              supplied  passphrase  is used for the new key and the agent does
              not ask  for  it.   To  create  a  key  without  any  protection
              --passphrase '' may be used.

              To  create  an  OpenPGP  key from the keys available on the cur-
              rently inserted smartcard, the special string  ``card''  can  be
              used for algo.  If the card features an encryption and a signing
              key, gpg will figure them out and creates an  OpenPGP  key  con-
              sisting  of  the  usual  primary key and one subkey.  This works
              only with certain smartcards.  Note that the interactive --full-
              gen-key command allows to do the same but with greater flexibil-
              ity in the selection of the smartcard keys.

              Note that it is possible to create a primary key  and  a  subkey
              using  non-default  algorithms by using ``default'' and changing
              the default parameters using the option --default-new-key-algo.

       --quick-set-expire fpr expire [*|subfprs]
              With two arguments given, directly set the  expiration  time  of
              the  primary key identified by fpr to expire.  To remove the ex-
              piration time 0 can be used.  With three arguments and the third
              given as an asterisk, the expiration time of all non-revoked and
              not yet expired subkeys are set to expire.  With more  than  two
              arguments and a list of fingerprints given for subfprs, all non-
              revoked subkeys matching these fingerprints are set to expire.

       --quick-add-key fpr [algo [usage [expire]]]
              Directly add a subkey to the key identified by  the  fingerprint
              fpr.   Without  the  optional  arguments an encryption subkey is
              added.  If any of the arguments are given a more specific subkey
              is added.

              algo may be any of the supported algorithms or curve names given
              in the format as used by key listings.  To use the default algo-
              rithm  the  string  ``default'' or ``-'' can be used.  Supported
              algorithms   are   ``rsa'',   ``dsa'',   ``elg'',   ``ed25519'',
              ``cv25519'',  and  other  ECC  curves.   For  example the string
              ``rsa'' adds an RSA key with the default key  length;  a  string
              ``rsa4096''  requests  that  the  key  length is 4096 bits.  The
              string ``future-default'' is an alias for  the  algorithm  which
              will  likely  be used as default algorithm in future versions of
              gpg.  To list the supported ECC curves the command  gpg  --with-
              colons --list-config curve can be used.

              Depending  on the given algo the subkey may either be an encryp-
              tion subkey or a signing subkey.  If an algorithm is capable  of
              signing  and  encryption  and  such a subkey is desired, a usage
              string must be given.  This  string  is  either  ``default''  or
              ``-''  to  keep  the default or a comma delimited list (or space
              delimited list) of keywords:  ``sign''  for  a  signing  subkey,
              ``auth''  for  an authentication subkey, and ``encr'' for an en-
              cryption subkey (``encrypt'' can be used as alias for ``encr'').
              The valid combinations depend on the algorithm.

              The  expire  argument  can be used to specify an expiration date
              for the key.  Several formats are supported;  commonly  the  ISO
              formats ``YYYY-MM-DD'' or ``YYYYMMDDThhmmss'' are used.  To make
              the key expire in N seconds, N days, N weeks,  N  months,  or  N
              years  use  ``seconds=N'', ``Nd'', ``Nw'', ``Nm'', or ``Ny'' re-
              spectively.  Not specifying a value, or using ``-'' results in a
              key  expiring  in  a  reasonable  default  interval.  The values
              ``never'', ``none'' can be used for no expiration date.

       --generate-key
       --gen-key
              Generate a new key pair using the  current  default  parameters.
              This  is  the standard command to create a new key.  In addition
              to the key a revocation certificate is created and stored in the
              'openpgp-revocs.d' directory below the GnuPG home directory.

       --full-generate-key
       --full-gen-key
              Generate  a  new key pair with dialogs for all options.  This is
              an extended version of --generate-key.

              There is also a feature which allows you to create keys in batch
              mode.  See  the  manual section ``Unattended key generation'' on
              how to use this.

       --generate-revocation name
       --gen-revoke name
              Generate a revocation certificate for the complete key.  To only
              revoke a subkey or a key signature, use the --edit command.

              This  command  merely creates the revocation certificate so that
              it can be used to revoke the key if that is ever needed.  To ac-
              tually  revoke a key the created revocation certificate needs to
              be merged with the key to revoke.  This is done by importing the
              revocation certificate using the --import command.  Then the re-
              voked key needs to be published, which is best done  by  sending
              the  key  to  a  keyserver (command --send-key) and by exporting
              (--export) it to a file which is then send to frequent  communi-
              cation partners.

       --generate-designated-revocation name
       --desig-revoke name
              Generate a designated revocation certificate for a key. This al-
              lows a user (with the permission of  the  keyholder)  to  revoke
              someone else's key.

       --edit-key
              Present  a  menu which enables you to do most of the key manage-
              ment related tasks.  It expects the specification of  a  key  on
              the command line.

              uid n  Toggle  selection of user ID or photographic user ID with
                     index n.  Use * to select all and 0 to deselect all.

              key n  Toggle selection of subkey with index n or key ID n.  Use
                     * to select all and 0 to deselect all.

              sign   Make  a  signature on key of user name. If the key is not
                     yet signed by the default user (or the users  given  with
                     -u),  the  program  displays  the  information of the key
                     again, together with its fingerprint and asks whether  it
                     should be signed. This question is repeated for all users
                     specified with -u.

              lsign  Same as "sign" but the signature  is  marked  as  non-ex-
                     portable and will therefore never be used by others. This
                     may be used to make keys valid only in the local environ-
                     ment.

              nrsign Same as "sign" but the signature is marked as non-revoca-
                     ble and can therefore never be revoked.

              tsign  Make a trust signature. This is a signature that combines
                     the  notions of certification (like a regular signature),
                     and trust (like the "trust"  command).  It  is  generally
                     only  useful in distinct communities or groups.  For more
                     information please read the sections ``Trust  Signature''
                     and ``Regular Expression'' in RFC-4880.

              Note  that "l" (for local / non-exportable), "nr" (for non-revo-
              cable, and "t" (for trust) may be freely mixed and  prefixed  to
              "sign" to create a signature of any type desired.

       If  the  option  --only-sign-text-ids  is  specified, then any non-text
       based user ids (e.g., photo IDs) will not be selected for signing.

              delsig Delete a signature. Note that it is not possible  to  re-
                     tract  a  signature,  once it has been send to the public
                     (i.e. to a keyserver).   In  that  case  you  better  use
                     revsig.

              revsig Revoke  a  signature.  For every signature which has been
                     generated by one of the secret keys, GnuPG asks whether a
                     revocation certificate should be generated.

              check  Check  the signatures on all selected user IDs.  With the
                     extra option selfsig only self-signatures are shown.

              adduid Create an additional user ID.

              addphoto
                     Create a photographic user ID. This  will  prompt  for  a
                     JPEG  file  that  will be embedded into the user ID. Note
                     that a very large JPEG will make for a  very  large  key.
                     Also  note  that some programs will display your JPEG un-
                     changed (GnuPG), and some programs will scale it  to  fit
                     in a dialog box (PGP).

              showphoto
                     Display the selected photographic user ID.

              deluid Delete  a  user ID or photographic user ID.  Note that it
                     is not possible to retract a user id, once  it  has  been
                     send  to  the public (i.e. to a keyserver).  In that case
                     you better use revuid.

              revuid Revoke a user ID or photographic user ID.

              primary
                     Flag the current user id as the primary one, removes  the
                     primary user id flag from all other user ids and sets the
                     timestamp of  all  affected  self-signatures  one  second
                     ahead. Note that setting a photo user ID as primary makes
                     it primary over other photo user IDs, and setting a regu-
                     lar  user ID as primary makes it primary over other regu-
                     lar user IDs.

              keyserver
                     Set a preferred keyserver for the specified  user  ID(s).
                     This allows other users to know where you prefer they get
                     your key from. See  --keyserver-options  honor-keyserver-
                     url  for  more  on  how  this  works.  Setting a value of
                     "none" removes an existing preferred keyserver.

              notation
                     Set a name=value notation for the specified  user  ID(s).
                     See --cert-notation for more on how this works. Setting a
                     value of "none" removes all notations, setting a notation
                     prefixed with a minus sign (-) removes that notation, and
                     setting a notation name  (without  the  =value)  prefixed
                     with a minus sign removes all notations with that name.

              pref   List  preferences  from  the selected user ID. This shows
                     the actual preferences,  without  including  any  implied
                     preferences.

              showpref
                     More  verbose  preferences  listing for the selected user
                     ID. This shows the preferences in effect by including the
                     implied preferences of 3DES (cipher), SHA-1 (digest), and
                     Uncompressed (compression) if they are  not  already  in-
                     cluded in the preference list. In addition, the preferred
                     keyserver and signature notations (if any) are shown.

              setpref string
                     Set the list of user ID preferences to string for all (or
                     just  the selected) user IDs. Calling setpref with no ar-
                     guments sets the preference list to the  default  (either
                     built-in or set via --default-preference-list), and call-
                     ing setpref with "none" as the  argument  sets  an  empty
                     preference  list.  Use  gpg  --version  to  get a list of
                     available algorithms. Note that while you can change  the
                     preferences  on  an  attribute  user ID (aka "photo ID"),
                     GnuPG does not select keys  via  attribute  user  IDs  so
                     these preferences will not be used by GnuPG.

                     When  setting preferences, you should list the algorithms
                     in the order which you'd like to see them used by someone
                     else when encrypting a message to your key.  If you don't
                     include 3DES, it will be automatically added at the  end.
                     Note that there are many factors that go into choosing an
                     algorithm (for example, your key may not be the only  re-
                     cipient),  and  so  the  remote OpenPGP application being
                     used to send to you may or may not follow your exact cho-
                     sen  order  for  a given message.  It will, however, only
                     choose an algorithm that is  present  on  the  preference
                     list of every recipient key.  See also the INTEROPERABIL-
                     ITY WITH OTHER OPENPGP PROGRAMS section below.

              addkey Add a subkey to this key.

              addcardkey
                     Generate a subkey on a card and add it to this key.

              keytocard
                     Transfer the selected secret subkey (or the  primary  key
                     if  no  subkey has been selected) to a smartcard. The se-
                     cret key in the keyring will be replaced by a stub if the
                     key  could be stored successfully on the card and you use
                     the save command later. Only certain  key  types  may  be
                     transferred  to the card. A sub menu allows you to select
                     on what card to store the key. Note that it is not possi-
                     ble to get that key back from the card - if the card gets
                     broken your secret key will be lost  unless  you  have  a
                     backup somewhere.

              bkuptocard file
                     Restore  the  given  file  to a card. This command may be
                     used to restore a backup key (as  generated  during  card
                     initialization)  to  a new card. In almost all cases this
                     will be the encryption key. You should use  this  command
                     only with the corresponding public key and make sure that
                     the file given as argument is indeed the  backup  to  re-
                     store.  You should then select 2 to restore as encryption
                     key.  You will first be asked to enter the passphrase  of
                     the backup key and then for the Admin PIN of the card.

              delkey Remove a subkey (secondary key). Note that it is not pos-
                     sible to retract a subkey, once it has been send  to  the
                     public  (i.e.  to  a keyserver).  In that case you better
                     use revkey.  Also note that this only deletes the  public
                     part of a key.

              revkey Revoke a subkey.

              expire Change  the key or subkey expiration time. If a subkey is
                     selected, the expiration time  of  this  subkey  will  be
                     changed.  With  no  selection,  the key expiration of the
                     primary key is changed.

              trust  Change the owner trust value for the  key.  This  updates
                     the trust-db immediately and no save is required.

              disable
              enable Disable  or  enable an entire key. A disabled key can not
                     normally be used for encryption.

              addrevoker
                     Add a designated revoker to the key. This takes  one  op-
                     tional  argument: "sensitive". If a designated revoker is
                     marked as sensitive, it will not be exported  by  default
                     (see export-options).

              passwd Change the passphrase of the secret key.

              toggle This is dummy command which exists only for backward com-
                     patibility.

              clean  Compact (by removing all signatures except  the  selfsig)
                     any  user  ID  that is no longer usable (e.g. revoked, or
                     expired). Then, remove any signatures that are not usable
                     by  the  trust  calculations.  Specifically, this removes
                     any signature that does not validate, any signature  that
                     is  superseded  by a later signature, revoked signatures,
                     and signatures issued by keys that are not present on the
                     keyring.

              minimize
                     Make  the key as small as possible. This removes all sig-
                     natures from each user ID  except  for  the  most  recent
                     self-signature.

              change-usage
                     Change  the usage flags (capabilities) of the primary key
                     or of subkeys.  These usage flags  (e.g.  Certify,  Sign,
                     Authenticate,  Encrypt)  are  set  during  key  creation.
                     Sometimes it is useful to have the opportunity to  change
                     them  (for  example  to add Authenticate) after they have
                     been created.  Please take care when doing this; the  al-
                     lowed usage flags depend on the key algorithm.

              cross-certify
                     Add  cross-certification  signatures  to  signing subkeys
                     that may not  currently  have  them.  Cross-certification
                     signatures  protect against a subtle attack against sign-
                     ing subkeys. See --require-cross-certification.  All  new
                     keys  generated  have  this signature by default, so this
                     command is only useful to bring older keys up to date.

              save   Save all changes to the keyrings and quit.

              quit   Quit the program without updating the keyrings.

              The listing shows you the key with its secondary  keys  and  all
              user  IDs.   The  primary user ID is indicated by a dot, and se-
              lected keys or user IDs are indicated by an asterisk.  The trust
              value is displayed with the primary key: "trust" is the assigned
              owner trust and "validity" is the  calculated  validity  of  the
              key.   Validity values are also displayed for all user IDs.  For
              possible values of trust, see: [trust-values].

       --sign-key name
              Signs a public key with your secret key. This is a shortcut ver-
              sion of the subcommand "sign" from --edit.

       --lsign-key name
              Signs  a public key with your secret key but marks it as non-ex-
              portable. This is a shortcut version of the  subcommand  "lsign"
              from --edit-key.

       --quick-sign-key fpr [names]
       --quick-lsign-key fpr [names]
              Directly sign a key from the passphrase without any further user
              interaction.  The fpr must be the verified  primary  fingerprint
              of a key in the local keyring. If no names are given, all useful
              user ids are signed; with given [names]  only  useful  user  ids
              matching  one  of  theses names are signed.  By default, or if a
              name is prefixed with a '*', a case insensitive substring  match
              is  used.  If a name is prefixed with a '=' a case sensitive ex-
              act match is done.

              The command --quick-lsign-key marks the  signatures  as  non-ex-
              portable.  If such a non-exportable signature already exists the
              --quick-sign-key turns it into a exportable signature.

              This command uses reasonable defaults and thus does not  provide
              the  full  flexibility of the "sign" subcommand from --edit-key.
              Its intended use is to help unattended key signing by  utilizing
              a list of verified fingerprints.

       --quick-add-uid user-id new-user-id
              This command adds a new user id to an existing key.  In contrast
              to the interactive sub-command adduid  of  --edit-key  the  new-
              user-id  is  added verbatim with only leading and trailing white
              space removed, it is expected to be UTF-8 encoded, and no checks
              on its form are applied.

       --quick-revoke-uid user-id user-id-to-revoke
              This command revokes a user ID on an existing key.  It cannot be
              used to revoke the last user ID on key (some non-revoked user ID
              must  remain),  with  revocation  reason  ``User ID is no longer
              valid''.  If you want to specify a different revocation  reason,
              or  to  supply supplementary revocation text, you should use the
              interactive sub-command revuid of --edit-key.

       --quick-set-primary-uid user-id primary-user-id
              This command sets or updates the primary user ID flag on an  ex-
              isting  key.   user-id specifies the key and primary-user-id the
              user ID which shall be flagged as the primary user ID.  The pri-
              mary  user  ID  flag  is removed from all other user ids and the
              timestamp of all affected  self-signatures  is  set  one  second
              ahead.

       --change-passphrase user-id
       --passwd user-id
              Change  the  passphrase  of the secret key belonging to the cer-
              tificate specified as user-id.  This is a shortcut for the  sub-
              command  passwd  of the edit key menu.  When using together with
              the  option  --dry-run  this  will  not  actually   change   the
              passphrase but check that the current passphrase is correct.

OPTIONS
       gpg  features  a bunch of options to control the exact behaviour and to
       change the default configuration.

       Long   options   can   be   put   in   an   options    file    (default
       "~/.gnupg/gpg.conf").  Short  option names will not work - for example,
       "armor" is a valid option for the options file, while "a"  is  not.  Do
       not  write  the 2 dashes, but simply the name of the option and any re-
       quired arguments. Lines with a hash ('#') as the first  non-white-space
       character  are  ignored. Commands may be put in this file too, but that
       is not generally useful as the command will execute automatically  with
       every execution of gpg.

       Please  remember  that  option parsing stops as soon as a non-option is
       encountered, you can explicitly stop parsing by using the  special  op-
       tion --.

   How to change the configuration

       These  options  are  used  to  change the configuration and are usually
       found in the option file.

       --default-key name
              Use name as the default key to sign with. If this option is  not
              used,  the  default  key  is  the  first key found in the secret
              keyring.  Note that -u or --local-user  overrides  this  option.
              This option may be given multiple times.  In this case, the last
              key for which a secret key is available is used.  If there is no
              secret key available for any of the specified values, GnuPG will
              not emit an error message but continue as if this option  wasn't
              given.

       --default-recipient name
              Use  name as default recipient if option --recipient is not used
              and don't ask if this is a valid one. name must be non-empty.

       --default-recipient-self
              Use the default key as default recipient if  option  --recipient
              is  not  used  and don't ask if this is a valid one. The default
              key is the first one from the secret keyring or the one set with
              --default-key.

       --no-default-recipient
              Reset --default-recipient and --default-recipient-self.

       -v, --verbose
              Give  more information during processing. If used twice, the in-
              put data is listed in detail.

       --no-verbose
              Reset verbose level to 0.

       -q, --quiet
              Try to be as quiet as possible.

       --batch
       --no-batch
              Use batch mode.  Never ask, do not allow  interactive  commands.
              --no-batch disables this option.  Note that even with a filename
              given on the command line, gpg might still  need  to  read  from
              STDIN (in particular if gpg figures that the input is a detached
              signature and no data file has been specified).  Thus if you  do
              not  want  to  feed  data via STDIN, you should connect STDIN to
              g'/dev/null'.

              It is highly recommended to use this option along with  the  op-
              tions  --status-fd  and  --with-colons for any unattended use of
              gpg.

       --no-tty
              Make sure that the TTY (terminal) is never used for any  output.
              This  option  is  needed  in  some cases because GnuPG sometimes
              prints warnings to the TTY even if --batch is used.

       --yes  Assume "yes" on most questions.

       --no   Assume "no" on most questions.

       --list-options parameters
              This is a space or comma delimited  string  that  gives  options
              used  when  listing  keys  and signatures (that is, --list-keys,
              --check-signatures, --list-public-keys, --list-secret-keys,  and
              the  --edit-key functions).  Options can be prepended with a no-
              (after the two dashes) to give the opposite  meaning.   The  op-
              tions are:

              show-photos
                     Causes  --list-keys,  --check-signatures,  --list-public-
                     keys, and --list-secret-keys to display any photo IDs at-
                     tached  to  the  key.   Defaults to no. See also --photo-
                     viewer.  Does not work with --with-colons:  see  --attri-
                     bute-fd  for  the  appropriate  way to get photo data for
                     scripts and other frontends.

              show-usage
                     Show usage information for keys and subkeys in the  stan-
                     dard  key  listing.  This is a list of letters indicating
                     the allowed usage for  a  key  (E=encryption,  S=signing,
                     C=certification, A=authentication).  Defaults to yes.

              show-policy-urls
                     Show  policy  URLs  in  the  --check-signatures listings.
                     Defaults to no.

              show-notations
              show-std-notations
              show-user-notations
                     Show all, IETF standard, or user-defined signature  nota-
                     tions in the --check-signatures listings. Defaults to no.

              show-keyserver-urls
                     Show  any  preferred  keyserver URL in the --check-signa-
                     tures listings. Defaults to no.

              show-uid-validity
                     Display the calculated validity of user  IDs  during  key
                     listings.  Defaults to yes.

              show-unusable-uids
                     Show  revoked  and  expired user IDs in key listings. De-
                     faults to no.

              show-unusable-subkeys
                     Show revoked and expired subkeys  in  key  listings.  De-
                     faults to no.

              show-keyring
                     Display  the  keyring name at the head of key listings to
                     show which keyring a given key resides  on.  Defaults  to
                     no.

              show-sig-expire
                     Show  signature expiration dates (if any) during --check-
                     signatures listings. Defaults to no.

              show-sig-subpackets
                     Include signature subpackets in the key listing. This op-
                     tion can take an optional argument list of the subpackets
                     to list. If no argument is passed, list  all  subpackets.
                     Defaults to no. This option is only meaningful when using
                     --with-colons along with --check-signatures.

              show-only-fpr-mbox
                     For each user-id which has a  valid  mail  address  print
                     only the fingerprint followed by the mail address.

       --verify-options parameters
              This  is  a  space  or comma delimited string that gives options
              used when verifying signatures. Options can be prepended with  a
              `no-' to give the opposite meaning. The options are:

              show-photos
                     Display  any photo IDs present on the key that issued the
                     signature.  Defaults to no. See also --photo-viewer.

              show-policy-urls
                     Show policy URLs in the  signature  being  verified.  De-
                     faults to yes.

              show-notations
              show-std-notations
              show-user-notations
                     Show  all, IETF standard, or user-defined signature nota-
                     tions in the signature being verified. Defaults  to  IETF
                     standard.

              show-keyserver-urls
                     Show  any  preferred keyserver URL in the signature being
                     verified.  Defaults to yes.

              show-uid-validity
                     Display the calculated validity of the user  IDs  on  the
                     key that issued the signature. Defaults to yes.

              show-unusable-uids
                     Show  revoked and expired user IDs during signature veri-
                     fication.  Defaults to no.

              show-primary-uid-only
                     Show only the primary user ID during signature  verifica-
                     tion.  That is all the AKA lines as well as photo Ids are
                     not shown with the signature verification status.

              pka-lookups
                     Enable PKA lookups to verify sender addresses. Note  that
                     PKA is based on DNS, and so enabling this option may dis-
                     close information on when and what signatures  are  veri-
                     fied or to whom data is encrypted. This is similar to the
                     "web bug" described for the --auto-key-retrieve option.

              pka-trust-increase
                     Raise the trust in a signature to full if  the  signature
                     passes  PKA validation. This option is only meaningful if
                     pka-lookups is set.

       --enable-large-rsa
       --disable-large-rsa
              With --generate-key and --batch, enable the creation of RSA  se-
              cret  keys as large as 8192 bit.  Note: 8192 bit is more than is
              generally recommended.  These large keys don't significantly im-
              prove  security,  but  they are more expensive to use, and their
              signatures and certifications are larger.  This option  is  only
              available if the binary was build with large-secmem support.

       --enable-dsa2
       --disable-dsa2
              Enable hash truncation for all DSA keys even for old DSA Keys up
              to 1024 bit.  This is also the  default  with  --openpgp.   Note
              that  older  versions  of GnuPG also required this flag to allow
              the generation of DSA larger than 1024 bit.

       --photo-viewer string
              This is the command line that should be run to view a photo  ID.
              "%i"  will  be expanded to a filename containing the photo. "%I"
              does the same, except the file will  not  be  deleted  once  the
              viewer exits.  Other flags are "%k" for the key ID, "%K" for the
              long key ID, "%f" for the key fingerprint, "%t" for  the  exten-
              sion  of  the image type (e.g. "jpg"), "%T" for the MIME type of
              the image (e.g. "image/jpeg"),  "%v"  for  the  single-character
              calculated  validity  of the image being viewed (e.g. "f"), "%V"
              for the calculated validity as a string (e.g.  "full"), "%U" for
              a  base32  encoded  hash  of the user ID, and "%%" for an actual
              percent sign. If neither %i or %I are present,  then  the  photo
              will be supplied to the viewer on standard input.

              On  Unix  the  default  viewer is xloadimage -fork -quiet -title
              'KeyID 0x%k' STDIN with a  fallback  to  display  -title  'KeyID
              0x%k'  %i  and finally to xdg-open %i.  On Windows !ShellExecute
              400 %i is used; here the command is a meta command to  use  that
              API  call  followed by a wait time in milliseconds which is used
              to give the viewer time to read the temporary image file  before
              gpg deletes it again.  Note that if your image viewer program is
              not secure, then executing it from gpg does not make it secure.

       --exec-path string
              Sets a list of directories to search for photo  viewers  If  not
              provided photo viewers use the PATH environment variable.

       --keyring file
              Add  file to the current list of keyrings. If file begins with a
              tilde and a slash, these are replaced by the $HOME directory. If
              the  filename  does  not contain a slash, it is assumed to be in
              the GnuPG home directory ("~/.gnupg" if --homedir or  $GNUPGHOME
              is not used).

              Note that this adds a keyring to the current list. If the intent
              is to use the specified keyring alone, use --keyring along  with
              --no-default-keyring.

              If  the  option  --no-keyring  has been used no keyrings will be
              used at all.

       --secret-keyring file
              This is an obsolete option and ignored.   All  secret  keys  are
              stored in the 'private-keys-v1.d' directory below the GnuPG home
              directory.

       --primary-keyring file
              Designate file as the primary public keyring.  This  means  that
              newly imported keys (via --import or keyserver --recv-from) will
              go to this keyring.

       --trustdb-name file
              Use file instead of the default trustdb. If file begins  with  a
              tilde and a slash, these are replaced by the $HOME directory. If
              the filename does not contain a slash, it is assumed  to  be  in
              the  GnuPG home directory ('~/.gnupg' if --homedir or $GNUPGHOME
              is not used).

       --homedir dir
              Set the name of the home directory to dir. If this option is not
              used,  the  home  directory  defaults to '~/.gnupg'.  It is only
              recognized when given on the command line.   It  also  overrides
              any  home  directory  stated  through  the  environment variable
              'GNUPGHOME' or (on Windows systems) by means of the Registry en-
              try HKCU\Software\GNU\GnuPG:HomeDir.

              On Windows systems it is possible to install GnuPG as a portable
              application.  In this case only this command line option is con-
              sidered, all other ways to set a home directory are ignored.

              To install GnuPG as a portable application under Windows, create
              an empty file named 'gpgconf.ctl' in the same directory  as  the
              tool  'gpgconf.exe'.   The root of the installation is then that
              directory; or, if 'gpgconf.exe' has been installed directly  be-
              low  a  directory  named  'bin', its parent directory.  You also
              need to make sure that the following directories exist  and  are
              writable:     'ROOT/home'     for    the    GnuPG    home    and
              'ROOT/var/cache/gnupg' for internal cache files.

       --display-charset name
              Set the name of the native character set. This is used  to  con-
              vert  some  informational  strings  like  user IDs to the proper
              UTF-8 encoding.  Note that this has nothing to do with the char-
              acter  set of data to be encrypted or signed; GnuPG does not re-
              code user-supplied data. If this option is not used, the default
              character set is determined from the current locale. A verbosity
              level of 3 shows the chosen set.  Valid values for name are:

              iso-8859-1
                     This is the Latin 1 set.

              iso-8859-2
                     The Latin 2 set.

              iso-8859-15
                     This is currently an alias for the Latin 1 set.

              koi8-r The usual Russian set (RFC-1489).

              utf-8  Bypass all translations and assume that the OS  uses  na-
                     tive UTF-8 encoding.

       --utf8-strings
       --no-utf8-strings
              Assume  that  command line arguments are given as UTF-8 strings.
              The default (--no-utf8-strings) is to assume that arguments  are
              encoded  in the character set as specified by --display-charset.
              These options affect all following arguments. Both  options  may
              be used multiple times.

       --options file
              Read  options from file and do not try to read them from the de-
              fault options file in the homedir (see --homedir).  This  option
              is ignored if used in an options file.

       --no-options
              Shortcut for --options /dev/null. This option is detected before
              an attempt to open an option file.  Using this option will  also
              prevent the creation of a '~/.gnupg' homedir.

       -z n
       --compress-level n
       --bzip2-compress-level n
              Set  compression level to n for the ZIP and ZLIB compression al-
              gorithms. The default is to use the default compression level of
              zlib  (normally  6). --bzip2-compress-level sets the compression
              level for the BZIP2 compression algorithm (defaulting  to  6  as
              well).  This  is  a different option from --compress-level since
              BZIP2 uses a significant amount of memory  for  each  additional
              compression  level.   -z  sets both. A value of 0 for n disables
              compression.

       --bzip2-decompress-lowmem
              Use a different decompression method for BZIP2 compressed files.
              This  alternate method uses a bit more than half the memory, but
              also runs at half the speed. This is useful  under  extreme  low
              memory  circumstances when the file was originally compressed at
              a high --bzip2-compress-level.

       --mangle-dos-filenames
       --no-mangle-dos-filenames
              Older version of Windows cannot handle filenames with more  than
              one  dot. --mangle-dos-filenames causes GnuPG to replace (rather
              than add to) the extension of an output filename to  avoid  this
              problem. This option is off by default and has no effect on non-
              Windows platforms.

       --ask-cert-level
       --no-ask-cert-level
              When making a key signature, prompt for a  certification  level.
              If this option is not specified, the certification level used is
              set via --default-cert-level. See --default-cert-level  for  in-
              formation  on  the  specific levels and how they are used. --no-
              ask-cert-level disables this option. This option defaults to no.

       --default-cert-level n
              The default to use for the check level when signing a key.

              0 means you make no particular claim as  to  how  carefully  you
              verified the key.

              1 means you believe the key is owned by the person who claims to
              own it but you could not, or did not verify the key at all. This
              is  useful  for a "persona" verification, where you sign the key
              of a pseudonymous user.

              2 means you did casual verification of  the  key.  For  example,
              this  could  mean  that  you  verified  the  key fingerprint and
              checked the user ID on the key against a photo ID.

              3 means you did extensive verification of the key. For  example,
              this  could  mean that you verified the key fingerprint with the
              owner of the key in person, and that you checked, by means of  a
              hard to forge document with a photo ID (such as a passport) that
              the name of the key owner matches the name in the user ID on the
              key,  and  finally that you verified (by exchange of email) that
              the email address on the key belongs to the key owner.

              Note that the examples given above for levels 2 and 3  are  just
              that:  examples. In the end, it is up to you to decide just what
              "casual" and "extensive" mean to you.

              This option defaults to 0 (no particular claim).

       --min-cert-level
              When building the trust database, treat any  signatures  with  a
              certification  level below this as invalid. Defaults to 2, which
              disregards level 1 signatures. Note that level 0 "no  particular
              claim" signatures are always accepted.

       --trusted-key long key ID or fingerprint
              Assume  that  the specified key (which must be given as a full 8
              byte key ID or 20 byte fingerprint) is as trustworthy as one  of
              your own secret keys. This option is useful if you don't want to
              keep your secret keys (or one of them) online but still want  to
              be  able  to check the validity of a given recipient's or signa-
              tor's key.

       --trust-model {pgp|classic|tofu|tofu+pgp|direct|always|auto}
              Set what trust model GnuPG should follow. The models are:

              pgp    This is the Web of Trust combined with  trust  signatures
                     as  used  in PGP 5.x and later. This is the default trust
                     model when creating a new trust database.

              classic
                     This is the standard Web of Trust as introduced by PGP 2.

              tofu

                     TOFU stands for Trust On First Use.  In this trust model,
                     the  first time a key is seen, it is memorized.  If later
                     another key with a user id with the same email address is
                     seen, both keys are marked as suspect.  In that case, the
                     next time either is used, a warning is displayed describ-
                     ing  the conflict, why it might have occurred (either the
                     user generated a new key and failed to cross sign the old
                     and  new keys, the key is forgery, or a man-in-the-middle
                     attack is being attempted), and the user is  prompted  to
                     manually confirm the validity of the key in question.

                     Because a potential attacker is able to control the email
                     address and thereby circumvent the conflict detection al-
                     gorithm  by using an email address that is similar in ap-
                     pearance to a trusted email address, whenever  a  message
                     is  verified,  statistics  about  the  number of messages
                     signed with the key are shown.  In this way, a  user  can
                     easily  identify attacks using fake keys for regular cor-
                     respondents.

                     When compared with the Web of Trust, TOFU offers signifi-
                     cantly  weaker  security guarantees.  In particular, TOFU
                     only helps ensure consistency (that is, that the  binding
                     between a key and email address doesn't change).  A major
                     advantage of TOFU is that it requires little  maintenance
                     to  use correctly.  To use the web of trust properly, you
                     need to actively sign keys and mark users as trusted  in-
                     troducers.   This is a time-consuming process and anecdo-
                     tal evidence suggests that even security-conscious  users
                     rarely  take  the  time to do this thoroughly and instead
                     rely on an ad-hoc TOFU process.

                     In the TOFU model, policies are associated with  bindings
                     between  keys  and  email  addresses (which are extracted
                     from user ids and normalized).  There are five  policies,
                     which can be set manually using the --tofu-policy option.
                     The default policy can be set using  the  --tofu-default-
                     policy option.

                     The  TOFU policies are: auto, good, unknown, bad and ask.
                     The auto policy is used by default (unless overridden  by
                     --tofu-default-policy)  and marks a binding as marginally
                     trusted.  The good, unknown and bad policies mark a bind-
                     ing  as fully trusted, as having unknown trust or as hav-
                     ing trust never, respectively.   The  unknown  policy  is
                     useful  for  just  using TOFU to detect conflicts, but to
                     never assign positive trust to a binding.  The final pol-
                     icy,  ask  prompts  the  user  to  indicate the binding's
                     trust.  If batch mode is enabled (or input is inappropri-
                     ate  in  the  context), then the user is not prompted and
                     the undefined trust level is returned.

              tofu+pgp
                     This trust model combines TOFU with  the  Web  of  Trust.
                     This  is done by computing the trust level for each model
                     and then taking the maximum trust level where  the  trust
                     levels are ordered as follows: unknown < undefined < mar-
                     ginal < fully < ultimate < expired < never.

                     By setting --tofu-default-policy=unknown, this model  can
                     be  used  to  implement the web of trust with TOFU's con-
                     flict detection algorithm, but without its assignment  of
                     positive  trust  values,  which  some  security-conscious
                     users don't like.

              direct Key validity is set directly by the user and  not  calcu-
                     lated  via  the Web of Trust.  This model is solely based
                     on the key and does not distinguish user IDs.  Note  that
                     when changing to another trust model the trust values as-
                     signed to a key are transformed into  ownertrust  values,
                     which also indicate how you trust the owner of the key to
                     sign other keys.

              always Skip key validation and assume that used keys are  always
                     fully  valid. You generally won't use this unless you are
                     using some external validation scheme. This  option  also
                     suppresses  the  "[uncertain]" tag printed with signature
                     checks when there is no evidence  that  the  user  ID  is
                     bound  to the key.  Note that this trust model still does
                     not allow the use of expired, revoked, or disabled keys.

              auto   Select the trust model depending on whatever the internal
                     trust  database says. This is the default model if such a
                     database already exists.  Note that a tofu trust model is
                     not considered here and must be enabled explicitly.

       --auto-key-locate mechanisms
       --no-auto-key-locate
              GnuPG can automatically locate and retrieve keys as needed using
              this option.  This happens when encrypting to an  email  address
              (in  the  "user@example.com" form), and there are no "user@exam-
              ple.com" keys on the local keyring.  This option takes any  num-
              ber  of the mechanisms listed below, in the order they are to be
              tried.  Instead of listing the mechanisms as comma delimited ar-
              guments,  the option may also be given several times to add more
              mechanism.  The option  --no-auto-key-locate  or  the  mechanism
              "clear" resets the list.  The default is "local,wkd".

              cert   Locate a key using DNS CERT, as specified in RFC-4398.

              pka    Locate a key using DNS PKA.

              dane   Locate a key using DANE, as specified in draft-ietf-dane-
                     openpgpkey-05.txt.

              wkd    Locate a key using the Web Key Directory protocol.

              ldap   Using DNS Service Discovery, check the domain in question
                     for  any  LDAP keyservers to use.  If this fails, attempt
                     to locate the key  using  the  PGP  Universal  method  of
                     checking 'ldap://keys.(thedomain)'.

              keyserver
                     Locate a key using a keyserver.

              keyserver-URL
                     In  addition, a keyserver URL as used in the dirmngr con-
                     figuration may be used here to query that particular key-
                     server.

              local  Locate  the key using the local keyrings.  This mechanism
                     allows the user to select the order a local key lookup is
                     done.   Thus using '--auto-key-locate local' is identical
                     to --no-auto-key-locate.

              nodefault
                     This flag disables the standard local  key  lookup,  done
                     before  any  of the mechanisms defined by the --auto-key-
                     locate are tried.  The position of this mechanism in  the
                     list  does  not  matter.   It is not required if local is
                     also used.

              clear  Clear all defined mechanisms.  This is useful to override
                     mechanisms given in a config file.  Note that a nodefault
                     in mechanisms will also be cleared unless it is given af-
                     ter the clear.

       --auto-key-import
       --no-auto-key-import
              This  is an offline mechanism to get a missing key for signature
              verification and for later encryption to this key.  If this  op-
              tion  is  enabled and a signature includes an embedded key, that
              key is used to verify the signature and on verification  success
              that key is imported. The default is --no-auto-key-import.

              On  the  sender  (signing)  site  the option --include-key-block
              needs to be used to put the public part of the  signing  key  as
              "Key Block subpacket" into the signature.

       --auto-key-retrieve
       --no-auto-key-retrieve
              These options enable or disable the automatic retrieving of keys
              from a keyserver when verifying signatures made by keys that are
              not  on  the  local  keyring.   The default is --no-auto-key-re-
              trieve.

              The order of methods tried to lookup the key is:

              1. If the option --auto-key-import is set and the signatures in-
              cludes an embedded key, that key is used to verify the signature
              and on verification success that key is imported.

              2. If a preferred keyserver is specified in  the  signature  and
              the  option  honor-keyserver-url is active (which is not the de-
              fault), that keyserver is tried.  Note that the creator  of  the
              signature  uses  the  option  --sig-keyserver-url to specify the
              preferred keyserver for data signatures.

              3. If the  signature  has  the  Signer's  UID  set  (e.g.  using
              --sender while creating the signature) a Web Key Directory (WKD)
              lookup is done.  This is the default configuration  but  can  be
              disabled by removing WKD from the auto-key-locate list or by us-
              ing the option --disable-signer-uid.

              4. If the option honor-pka-record  is  active,  the  legacy  PKA
              method is used.

              5.  If any keyserver is configured and the Issuer Fingerprint is
              part of the signature (since GnuPG 2.1.16), the configured  key-
              servers are tried.

              Note  that this option makes a "web bug" like behavior possible.
              Keyserver or Web Key Directory operators can see which keys  you
              request,  so  by sending you a message signed by a brand new key
              (which you naturally will not have on your local  keyring),  the
              operator  can  tell  both  your IP address and the time when you
              verified the signature.

       --keyid-format {none|short|0xshort|long|0xlong}
              Select how to display key IDs.  "none" does not show the key  ID
              at all but shows the fingerprint in a separate line.  "short" is
              the traditional 8-character key ID.  "long" is the more accurate
              (but  less  convenient) 16-character key ID.  Add an "0x" to ei-
              ther to include an "0x" at the beginning of the key  ID,  as  in
              0x99242560.   Note  that  this  option  is ignored if the option
              --with-colons is used.

       --keyserver name
              This option is deprecated - please use the --keyserver in 'dirm-
              ngr.conf' instead.

              Use  name  as your keyserver. This is the server that --receive-
              keys, --send-keys, and --search-keys will  communicate  with  to
              receive  keys  from,  send  keys to, and search for keys on. The
              format of the name is a  URI:  `scheme:[//]keyservername[:port]'
              The scheme is the type of keyserver: "hkp" for the HTTP (or com-
              patible) keyservers, "ldap" for the LDAP keyservers, or "mailto"
              for the Graff email keyserver. Note that your particular instal-
              lation of GnuPG may have  other  keyserver  types  available  as
              well.  Keyserver  schemes  are  case-insensitive. After the key-
              server name, optional keyserver  configuration  options  may  be
              provided.  These  are the same as the global --keyserver-options
              from below, but apply only to this particular keyserver.

              Most keyservers synchronize with each other, so there is  gener-
              ally no need to send keys to more than one server. The keyserver
              hkp://keys.gnupg.net uses round robin DNS to  give  a  different
              keyserver each time you use it.

       --keyserver-options {name=value}
              This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options for
              the keyserver. Options can be prefixed with a `no-' to give  the
              opposite  meaning. Valid import-options or export-options may be
              used here as well to apply to importing (--recv-key) or  export-
              ing  (--send-key)  a key from a keyserver. While not all options
              are available for all keyserver types, some common options are:

              include-revoked
                     When searching for a key with --search-keys, include keys
                     that  are  marked  on the keyserver as revoked. Note that
                     not all keyservers differentiate between revoked and  un-
                     revoked  keys,  and  for  such  keyservers this option is
                     meaningless. Note also that most keyservers do  not  have
                     cryptographic  verification  of  key  revocations, and so
                     turning this option off may result in skipping keys  that
                     are incorrectly marked as revoked.

              include-disabled
                     When searching for a key with --search-keys, include keys
                     that are marked on the keyserver as disabled.  Note  that
                     this option is not used with HKP keyservers.

              auto-key-retrieve
                     This  is  an  obsolete  alias for the option auto-key-re-
                     trieve.  Please do not use it; it will be removed in  fu-
                     ture versions..

              honor-keyserver-url
                     When  using  --refresh-keys, if the key in question has a
                     preferred keyserver URL, then  use  that  preferred  key-
                     server to refresh the key from. In addition, if auto-key-
                     retrieve is set, and the signature being verified  has  a
                     preferred  keyserver  URL,  then  use that preferred key-
                     server to fetch the key from. Note that this  option  in-
                     troduces a "web bug": The creator of the key can see when
                     the keys is refreshed.  Thus this option is  not  enabled
                     by default.

              honor-pka-record
                     If  --auto-key-retrieve  is used, and the signature being
                     verified has a PKA record, then use the  PKA  information
                     to fetch the key. Defaults to "yes".

              include-subkeys
                     When  receiving  a key, include subkeys as potential tar-
                     gets. Note that this option is not  used  with  HKP  key-
                     servers, as they do not support retrieving keys by subkey
                     id.

              timeout
              http-proxy=value
              verbose
              debug
              check-cert

              ca-cert-file
                     These options have no more function since GnuPG 2.1.  Use
                     the dirmngr configuration options instead.

       The  default  list of options is: "self-sigs-only, repair-keys, repair-
       pks-subkey-bug, export-attributes, honor-pka-record".

       --completes-needed n
              Number of completely trusted users to introduce a new key signer
              (defaults to 1).

       --marginals-needed n
              Number of marginally trusted users to introduce a new key signer
              (defaults to 3)

       --tofu-default-policy {auto|good|unknown|bad|ask}
              The default TOFU policy (defaults to auto).  For  more  informa-
              tion about the meaning of this option, see: [trust-model-tofu].

       --max-cert-depth n
              Maximum depth of a certification chain (default is 5).

       --no-sig-cache
              Do not cache the verification status of key signatures.  Caching
              gives a much better performance in key listings. However, if you
              suspect that your public keyring is not safe against write modi-
              fications, you can use this option to disable  the  caching.  It
              probably  does  not make sense to disable it because all kind of
              damage can be done if someone else has write access to your pub-
              lic keyring.

       --auto-check-trustdb
       --no-auto-check-trustdb
              If  GnuPG  feels that its information about the Web of Trust has
              to be updated, it automatically runs the --check-trustdb command
              internally.   This  may  be a time consuming process. --no-auto-
              check-trustdb disables this option.

       --use-agent
       --no-use-agent
              This is dummy option. gpg always requires the agent.

       --gpg-agent-info
              This is dummy option. It has no effect when used with gpg.

       --agent-program file
              Specify an agent program to be used for secret  key  operations.
              The  default value is determined by running gpgconf with the op-
              tion --list-dirs.  Note that the pipe symbol (|) is used  for  a
              regression  test suite hack and may thus not be used in the file
              name.

       --dirmngr-program file
              Specify a dirmngr program to be used for keyserver access.   The
              default value is '/usr/bin/dirmngr'.

       --disable-dirmngr
              Entirely disable the use of the Dirmngr.

       --no-autostart
              Do not start the gpg-agent or the dirmngr if it has not yet been
              started and its service is required.  This option is mostly use-
              ful on machines where the connection to gpg-agent has been redi-
              rected to another machines.  If dirmngr is required on  the  re-
              mote  machine, it may be started manually using gpgconf --launch
              dirmngr.

       --lock-once
              Lock the databases the first time a lock is requested and do not
              release the lock until the process terminates.

       --lock-multiple
              Release  the  locks  every  time a lock is no longer needed. Use
              this to override a previous --lock-once from a config file.

       --lock-never
              Disable locking entirely. This option should  be  used  only  in
              very special environments, where it can be assured that only one
              process is accessing those  files.  A  bootable  floppy  with  a
              stand-alone  encryption  system will probably use this. Improper
              usage of this option may lead to data and key corruption.

       --exit-on-status-write-error
              This option will cause write errors on the status FD to  immedi-
              ately  terminate the process. That should in fact be the default
              but it never worked this way and thus we need an option  to  en-
              able  this,  so  that  the change won't break applications which
              close their end of a status fd connected pipe too  early.  Using
              this  option  along with --enable-progress-filter may be used to
              cleanly cancel long running gpg operations.

       --limit-card-insert-tries n
              With n greater than 0 the number of prompts asking to  insert  a
              smartcard  gets limited to N-1. Thus with a value of 1 gpg won't
              at all ask to insert  a  card  if  none  has  been  inserted  at
              startup. This option is useful in the configuration file in case
              an application does not know about  the  smartcard  support  and
              waits ad infinitum for an inserted card.

       --no-random-seed-file
              GnuPG uses a file to store its internal random pool over invoca-
              tions.  This makes random generation faster;  however  sometimes
              write  operations  are  not  desired. This option can be used to
              achieve that with the cost of slower random generation.

       --no-greeting
              Suppress the initial copyright message.

       --no-secmem-warning
              Suppress the warning about "using insecure memory".

       --no-permission-warning
              Suppress the  warning  about  unsafe  file  and  home  directory
              (--homedir)  permissions.  Note  that the permission checks that
              GnuPG performs are not intended to be authoritative, but  rather
              they  simply  warn  about certain common permission problems. Do
              not assume that the lack of a warning means that your system  is
              secure.

              Note that the warning for unsafe --homedir permissions cannot be
              suppressed in the gpg.conf file, as this would allow an attacker
              to  place an unsafe gpg.conf file in place, and use this file to
              suppress warnings about itself. The --homedir permissions  warn-
              ing may only be suppressed on the command line.

       --require-secmem
       --no-require-secmem
              Refuse  to run if GnuPG cannot get secure memory. Defaults to no
              (i.e. run, but give a warning).

       --require-cross-certification
       --no-require-cross-certification
              When verifying a signature made from a subkey, ensure  that  the
              cross  certification  "back  signature" on the subkey is present
              and valid.  This protects against a subtle attack  against  sub-
              keys  that  can sign.  Defaults to --require-cross-certification
              for gpg.

       --expert
       --no-expert
              Allow the user to do certain nonsensical or "silly" things  like
              signing an expired or revoked key, or certain potentially incom-
              patible things like generating unusual key types. This also dis-
              ables  certain  warning  messages about potentially incompatible
              actions. As the name implies, this option is for  experts  only.
              If you don't fully understand the implications of what it allows
              you to do, leave this off. --no-expert disables this option.

   Key related options

       --recipient name
       -r     Encrypt for user id name. If this option  or  --hidden-recipient
              is  not  specified, GnuPG asks for the user-id unless --default-
              recipient is given.

       --hidden-recipient name
       -R     Encrypt for user ID name, but hide the key  ID  of  this  user's
              key.  This  option helps to hide the receiver of the message and
              is a limited countermeasure against traffic  analysis.  If  this
              option  or --recipient is not specified, GnuPG asks for the user
              ID unless --default-recipient is given.

       --recipient-file file
       -f     This option is similar to --recipient except that it encrypts to
              a key stored in the given file.  file must be the name of a file
              containing exactly one key.  gpg assumes that the  key  in  this
              file is fully valid.

       --hidden-recipient-file file
       -F     This  option is similar to --hidden-recipient except that it en-
              crypts to a key stored in the given file.  file must be the name
              of  a file containing exactly one key.  gpg assumes that the key
              in this file is fully valid.

       --encrypt-to name
              Same as --recipient but this one is intended for use in the  op-
              tions file and may be used with your own user-id as an "encrypt-
              to-self". These keys are only used when there are other  recipi-
              ents given either by use of --recipient or by the asked user id.
              No trust checking is performed for these user ids and even  dis-
              abled keys can be used.

       --hidden-encrypt-to name
              Same  as  --hidden-recipient but this one is intended for use in
              the options file and may be used with your own user-id as a hid-
              den  "encrypt-to-self".  These keys are only used when there are
              other recipients given either by use of --recipient  or  by  the
              asked  user  id.   No trust checking is performed for these user
              ids and even disabled keys can be used.

       --no-encrypt-to
              Disable the use  of  all  --encrypt-to  and  --hidden-encrypt-to
              keys.

       --group {name=value}
              Sets up a named group, which is similar to aliases in email pro-
              grams.  Any time the group name is a recipient (-r or  --recipi-
              ent),  it  will  be  expanded  to the values specified. Multiple
              groups with the same name are automatically merged into a single
              group.

              The  values are key IDs or fingerprints, but any key description
              is accepted. Note that a value with spaces in it will be treated
              as  two  different  values. Note also there is only one level of
              expansion --- you cannot make an group that  points  to  another
              group.  When  used from the command line, it may be necessary to
              quote the argument to this option  to  prevent  the  shell  from
              treating it as multiple arguments.

       --ungroup name
              Remove a given entry from the --group list.

       --no-groups
              Remove all entries from the --group list.

       --local-user name
       -u     Use  name  as  the key to sign with. Note that this option over-
              rides --default-key.

       --sender mbox
              This option has two purposes.  mbox must either  be  a  complete
              user id with a proper mail address or just a mail address.  When
              creating a signature this option tells gpg the user id of a  key
              used  to  make a signature if the key was not directly specified
              by a user id.  When verifying a signature the mbox  is  used  to
              restrict  the  information  printed by the TOFU code to matching
              user ids.

       --try-secret-key name
              For hidden recipients GPG needs to know  the  keys  to  use  for
              trial  decryption.   The  key  set  with --default-key is always
              tried first, but this is often not sufficient.  This option  al-
              lows  setting  more  keys  to be used for trial decryption.  Al-
              though any valid user-id specification may be used for  name  it
              makes sense to use at least the long keyid to avoid ambiguities.
              Note that gpg-agent might pop up a pinentry for a lot keys to do
              the trial decryption.  If you want to stop all further trial de-
              cryption you may use close-window button instead of  the  cancel
              button.

       --try-all-secrets
              Don't  look  at  the key ID as stored in the message but try all
              secret keys in turn to find the right decryption key.  This  op-
              tion  forces the behaviour as used by anonymous recipients (cre-
              ated by using --throw-keyids or  --hidden-recipient)  and  might
              come  handy  in case where an encrypted message contains a bogus
              key ID.

       --skip-hidden-recipients
       --no-skip-hidden-recipients
              During decryption skip all anonymous  recipients.   This  option
              helps  in the case that people use the hidden recipients feature
              to hide their own encrypt-to key from others.  If one  has  many
              secret  keys this may lead to a major annoyance because all keys
              are tried in turn to decrypt something which was not really  in-
              tended  for  it.  The drawback of this option is that it is cur-
              rently not possible to decrypt a  message  which  includes  real
              anonymous recipients.

   Input and Output

       --armor
       -a     Create  ASCII  armored output.  The default is to create the bi-
              nary OpenPGP format.

       --no-armor
              Assume the input data is not in ASCII armored format.

       --output file
       -o file
              Write output to file.  To write to stdout use - as the filename.

       --max-output n
              This option sets a limit on the number of  bytes  that  will  be
              generated when processing a file. Since OpenPGP supports various
              levels of compression, it is possible that the  plaintext  of  a
              given  message  may  be  significantly  larger than the original
              OpenPGP message. While GnuPG works properly with such  messages,
              there  is often a desire to set a maximum file size that will be
              generated before processing is forced to stop by the OS  limits.
              Defaults to 0, which means "no limit".

       --input-size-hint n
              This  option  can be used to tell GPG the size of the input data
              in bytes.  n must be a positive base-10 number.  This option  is
              only  useful if the input is not taken from a file.  GPG may use
              this hint to optimize its buffer  allocation  strategy.   It  is
              also  used  by  the  --status-fd  line ``PROGRESS'' to provide a
              value for ``total'' if that is not available by other means.

       --key-origin string[,url]
              gpg can track the origin of a key. Certain origins  are  implic-
              itly  known  (e.g. keyserver, web key directory) and set.  For a
              standard import the origin of the keys imported can be set  with
              this option.  To list the possible values use "help" for string.
              Some origins can store an optional url argument.  That  URL  can
              appended to string after a comma.

       --import-options parameters
              This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options for
              importing keys. Options can be prepended with a  `no-'  to  give
              the opposite meaning. The options are:

              import-local-sigs
                     Allow importing key signatures marked as "local". This is
                     not generally useful unless a shared  keyring  scheme  is
                     being used.  Defaults to no.

              keep-ownertrust
                     Normally  possible  still existing ownertrust values of a
                     key are cleared if a key is imported.  This is in general
                     desirable  so  that a formerly deleted key does not auto-
                     matically gain an ownertrust values merely due to import.
                     On  the other hand it is sometimes necessary to re-import
                     a trusted set of keys again but keeping already  assigned
                     ownertrust  values.   This  can be achieved by using this
                     option.

              repair-pks-subkey-bug
                     During import, attempt to repair the damage caused by the
                     PKS  keyserver  bug (pre version 0.9.6) that mangles keys
                     with multiple subkeys. Note that this  cannot  completely
                     repair the damaged key as some crucial data is removed by
                     the keyserver, but it does at least  give  you  back  one
                     subkey.  Defaults  to  no for regular --import and to yes
                     for keyserver --receive-keys.

              import-show
              show-only
                     Show a listing of the key as imported right before it  is
                     stored.   This  can be combined with the option --dry-run
                     to only look at keys; the option show-only is a  shortcut
                     for this combination.  The command --show-keys is another
                     shortcut for this.  Note that suffixes like '#' for "sec"
                     and "sbb" lines may or may not be printed.

              import-export
                     Run the entire import code but instead of storing the key
                     to the local keyring write it to the output.  The  export
                     options  export-pka  and  export-dane  affect the output.
                     This option can be used to remove all invalid parts  from
                     a key without the need to store it.

              merge-only
                     During import, allow key updates to existing keys, but do
                     not allow any new keys to be imported. Defaults to no.

              import-clean
                     After import, compact (remove all signatures  except  the
                     self-signature)  any  user  IDs from the new key that are
                     not usable.  Then, remove any signatures from the new key
                     that  are not usable.  This includes signatures that were
                     issued by keys that are not present on the keyring.  This
                     option  is  the  same  as  running the --edit-key command
                     "clean" after import. Defaults to no.

              self-sigs-only
                     Accept only self-signatures while importing a  key.   All
                     other  key  signatures  are  skipped  at  an early import
                     stage.  This option can be used with keyserver-options to
                     mitigate  attempts  to  flood a key with bogus signatures
                     from a keyserver.  The drawback is that all  other  valid
                     key  signatures, as required by the Web of Trust are also
                     not imported.  Note that when  using  this  option  along
                     with  import-clean it suppresses the final clean step af-
                     ter merging the imported key into the existing key.

              repair-keys
                     After import, fix various problems with  the  keys.   For
                     example,  this  reorders signatures, and strips duplicate
                     signatures.  Defaults to yes.

              import-minimal
                     Import the smallest key possible. This removes all signa-
                     tures  except the most recent self-signature on each user
                     ID. This option is the same  as  running  the  --edit-key
                     command "minimize" after import.  Defaults to no.

              restore
              import-restore
                     Import  in key restore mode.  This imports all data which
                     is usually skipped during  import;  including  all  GnuPG
                     specific data.  All other contradicting options are over-
                     ridden.

       --import-filter {name=expr}
       --export-filter {name=expr}
              These options define an import/export filter which  are  applied
              to  the  imported/exported  keyblock  right  before  it  will be
              stored/written.  name defines the type of filter  to  use,  expr
              the  expression  to  evaluate.   The  option can be used several
              times which then appends more expression to the same name.

              The available filter types are:

              keep-uid
                     This filter will keep a user id packet and its  dependent
                     packets  in  the  keyblock if the expression evaluates to
                     true.

              drop-subkey
                     This filter drops the selected subkeys.   Currently  only
                     implemented for --export-filter.

              drop-sig
                     This  filter  drops  the  selected key signatures on user
                     ids.  Self-signatures are not considered.  Currently only
                     implemented for --import-filter.

       For  the syntax of the expression see the chapter "FILTER EXPRESSIONS".
       The property names for the expressions depend on the actual filter type
       and are indicated in the following table.

       The available properties are:

              uid    A string with the user id.  (keep-uid)

              mbox   The addr-spec part of a user id with mailbox or the empty
                     string.  (keep-uid)

              key_algo
                     A number with the public key algorithm of a key or subkey
                     packet.  (drop-subkey)

              key_created
              key_created_d
                     The  first is the timestamp a public key or subkey packet
                     was created.  The second is the same but given as an  ISO
                     string, e.g. "2016-08-17". (drop-subkey)

              fpr    The hexified fingerprint of the current subkey or primary
                     key.  (drop-subkey)

              primary
                     Boolean indicating whether the user  id  is  the  primary
                     one.  (keep-uid)

              expired
                     Boolean  indicating  whether  a user id (keep-uid), a key
                     (drop-subkey), or a signature (drop-sig) expired.

              revoked
                     Boolean indicating whether a user id (keep-uid) or a  key
                     (drop-subkey) has been revoked.

              disabled
                     Boolean  indicating  whether  a  primary key is disabled.
                     (not used)

              secret Boolean indicating whether a key or subkey  is  a  secret
                     one.  (drop-subkey)

              usage  A  string indicating the usage flags for the subkey, from
                     the sequence ``ecsa?''.  For example, a subkey capable of
                     just  signing  and authentication would be an exact match
                     for ``sa''. (drop-subkey)

              sig_created
              sig_created_d
                     The first is the timestamp a signature  packet  was  cre-
                     ated.   The  second  is the same but given as an ISO date
                     string, e.g. "2016-08-17". (drop-sig)

              sig_algo
                     A number with the public key  algorithm  of  a  signature
                     packet. (drop-sig)

              sig_digest_algo
                     A number with the digest algorithm of a signature packet.
                     (drop-sig)

       --export-options parameters
              This is a space or comma delimited string that gives options for
              exporting  keys.   Options can be prepended with a `no-' to give
              the opposite meaning.  The options are:

              export-local-sigs
                     Allow exporting key signatures marked as "local". This is
                     not  generally  useful  unless a shared keyring scheme is
                     being used.  Defaults to no.

              export-attributes
                     Include attribute user IDs (photo IDs)  while  exporting.
                     Not including attribute user IDs is useful to export keys
                     that are going to be used by an OpenPGP program that does
                     not accept attribute user IDs.  Defaults to yes.

              export-sensitive-revkeys
                     Include designated revoker information that was marked as
                     "sensitive". Defaults to no.

              backup
              export-backup
                     Export for use as a backup.  The exported  data  includes
                     all data which is needed to restore the key or keys later
                     with GnuPG.  The format is basically the  OpenPGP  format
                     but enhanced with GnuPG specific data.  All other contra-
                     dicting options are overridden.

              export-clean
                     Compact (remove all signatures from) user IDs on the  key
                     being  exported  if the user IDs are not usable. Also, do
                     not export any signatures that are not usable.  This  in-
                     cludes  signatures  that were issued by keys that are not
                     present on the keyring. This option is the same  as  run-
                     ning  the --edit-key command "clean" before export except
                     that the local copy of the key is not modified.  Defaults
                     to no.

              export-minimal
                     Export the smallest key possible. This removes all signa-
                     tures except the most recent self-signature on each  user
                     ID.  This  option  is  the same as running the --edit-key
                     command "minimize" before export except  that  the  local
                     copy of the key is not modified. Defaults to no.

              export-pka
                     Instead of outputting the key material output PKA records
                     suitable to put into DNS zone files.  An ORIGIN  line  is
                     printed before each record to allow diverting the records
                     to the corresponding zone file.

              export-dane
                     Instead of outputting the  key  material  output  OpenPGP
                     DANE  records  suitable  to  put into DNS zone files.  An
                     ORIGIN line is printed before each record  to  allow  di-
                     verting the records to the corresponding zone file.

       --with-colons
              Print  key  listings  delimited  by colons. Note that the output
              will be encoded in UTF-8  regardless  of  any  --display-charset
              setting. This format is useful when GnuPG is called from scripts
              and other programs as it is easily machine parsed.  The  details
              of  this  format are documented in the file 'doc/DETAILS', which
              is included in the GnuPG source distribution.

       --fixed-list-mode
              Do not merge primary user ID and  primary  key  in  --with-colon
              listing   mode   and  print  all  timestamps  as  seconds  since
              1970-01-01.  Since GnuPG 2.0.10, this mode is  always  used  and
              thus this option is obsolete; it does not harm to use it though.

       --legacy-list-mode
              Revert  to  the pre-2.1 public key list mode.  This only affects
              the human readable output and not the  machine  interface  (i.e.
              --with-colons).   Note  that  the  legacy format does not convey
              suitable information for elliptic curves.

       --with-fingerprint
              Same as the command --fingerprint but changes only the format of
              the output and may be used together with another command.

       --with-subkey-fingerprint
              If  a  fingerprint  is  printed for the primary key, this option
              forces printing of the fingerprint for all subkeys.  This  could
              also  be  achieved  by using the --with-fingerprint twice but by
              using this option along with keyid-format "none" a compact  fin-
              gerprint is printed.

       --with-icao-spelling
              Print  the  ICAO  spelling of the fingerprint in addition to the
              hex digits.

       --with-keygrip
              Include the keygrip in the key listings.  In --with-colons  mode
              this is implicitly enable for secret keys.

       --with-key-origin
              Include  the locally held information on the origin and last up-
              date of a key in a key listing.  In --with-colons mode  this  is
              always  printed.   This data is currently experimental and shall
              not be considered part of the stable API.

       --with-wkd-hash
              Print a Web Key Directory identifier along with each user ID  in
              key listings.  This is an experimental feature and semantics may
              change.

       --with-secret
              Include info about the presence of a secret key  in  public  key
              listings done with --with-colons.

   OpenPGP protocol specific options

       -t, --textmode
       --no-textmode
              Treat  input files as text and store them in the OpenPGP canoni-
              cal text form with standard "CRLF" line endings. This also  sets
              the  necessary  flags to inform the recipient that the encrypted
              or signed data is text and may need its line  endings  converted
              back  to  whatever  the local system uses. This option is useful
              when communicating between two  platforms  that  have  different
              line ending conventions (UNIX-like to Mac, Mac to Windows, etc).
              --no-textmode disables this option, and is the default.

       --force-v3-sigs
       --no-force-v3-sigs

       --force-v4-certs
       --no-force-v4-certs
              These options are obsolete and have no effect since GnuPG 2.1.

       --force-mdc
       --disable-mdc
              These options are obsolete and have no effect since GnuPG 2.2.8.
              The  MDC  is always used.  But note: If the creation of a legacy
              non-MDC message is exceptionally required, the option  --rfc2440
              allows for this.

       --disable-signer-uid
              By  default  the  user  ID of the signing key is embedded in the
              data signature.  As of now this is only done if the signing  key
              has been specified with local-user using a mail address, or with
              sender.  This information can be helpful for verifier to  locate
              the key; see option --auto-key-retrieve.

       --include-key-block
              This  option is used to embed the actual signing key into a data
              signature.  The embedded key is stripped down to a  single  user
              id  and includes only the signing subkey used to create the sig-
              nature as well as as valid encryption subkeys.  All  other  info
              is removed from the key to keep it and thus the signature small.
              This option is the OpenPGP counterpart to the gpgsm option --in-
              clude-certs.

       --personal-cipher-preferences string
              Set  the list of personal cipher preferences to string.  Use gpg
              --version to get a list of available algorithms, and use none to
              set  no preference at all.  This allows the user to safely over-
              ride the algorithm chosen by the recipient key  preferences,  as
              GPG  will only select an algorithm that is usable by all recipi-
              ents.  The most highly ranked cipher in this list is  also  used
              for the --symmetric encryption command.

       --personal-digest-preferences string
              Set  the list of personal digest preferences to string.  Use gpg
              --version to get a list of available algorithms, and use none to
              set  no preference at all.  This allows the user to safely over-
              ride the algorithm chosen by the recipient key  preferences,  as
              GPG  will only select an algorithm that is usable by all recipi-
              ents.  The most highly ranked digest algorithm in this  list  is
              also  used when signing without encryption (e.g. --clear-sign or
              --sign).

       --personal-compress-preferences string
              Set the list of personal compression preferences to string.  Use
              gpg  --version  to  get  a list of available algorithms, and use
              none to set no preference at  all.   This  allows  the  user  to
              safely  override the algorithm chosen by the recipient key pref-
              erences, as GPG will only select an algorithm that is usable  by
              all recipients.  The most highly ranked compression algorithm in
              this list is also used when there are no recipient keys to  con-
              sider (e.g. --symmetric).

       --s2k-cipher-algo name
              Use name as the cipher algorithm for symmetric encryption with a
              passphrase if  --personal-cipher-preferences  and  --cipher-algo
              are not given.  The default is AES-128.

       --s2k-digest-algo name
              Use  name as the digest algorithm used to mangle the passphrases
              for symmetric encryption.  The default is SHA-1.

       --s2k-mode n
              Selects how passphrases for symmetric encryption are mangled. If
              n  is 0 a plain passphrase (which is in general not recommended)
              will be used, a 1 adds a salt (which should not be used) to  the
              passphrase  and  a  3 (the default) iterates the whole process a
              number of times (see --s2k-count).

       --s2k-count n
              Specify how many times the passphrases  mangling  for  symmetric
              encryption  is  repeated.  This value may range between 1024 and
              65011712 inclusive.  The default  is  inquired  from  gpg-agent.
              Note  that  not  all values in the 1024-65011712 range are legal
              and if an illegal value is selected, GnuPG will round up to  the
              nearest  legal  value.  This option is only meaningful if --s2k-
              mode is set to the default of 3.

   Compliance options

       These options control what GnuPG is compliant to. Only one of these op-
       tions may be active at a time. Note that the default setting of this is
       nearly always the correct one.  See  the  INTEROPERABILITY  WITH  OTHER
       OPENPGP PROGRAMS section below before using one of these options.

       --gnupg
              Use  standard GnuPG behavior. This is essentially OpenPGP behav-
              ior (see --openpgp), but with some  additional  workarounds  for
              common compatibility problems in different versions of PGP. This
              is the default option, so it is not generally needed, but it may
              be  useful  to  override  a  different  compliance option in the
              gpg.conf file.

       --openpgp
              Reset all packet, cipher and digest options  to  strict  OpenPGP
              behavior.  Use  this  option  to reset all previous options like
              --s2k-*, --cipher-algo,  --digest-algo  and  --compress-algo  to
              OpenPGP compliant values. All PGP workarounds are disabled.

       --rfc4880
              Reset  all  packet, cipher and digest options to strict RFC-4880
              behavior.  Note  that  this  is  currently  the  same  thing  as
              --openpgp.

       --rfc4880bis
              Enable  experimental features from proposed updates to RFC-4880.
              This option can be used in addition to the other compliance  op-
              tions.   Warning: The behavior may change with any GnuPG release
              and created keys or data may not be  usable  with  future  GnuPG
              versions.

       --rfc2440
              Reset  all  packet, cipher and digest options to strict RFC-2440
              behavior.  Note that by using this option encryption packets are
              created  in  a legacy mode without MDC protection.  This is dan-
              gerous and should thus only be used for experiments.   See  also
              option --ignore-mdc-error.

       --pgp6 Set  up  all  options to be as PGP 6 compliant as possible. This
              restricts you to the ciphers IDEA (if the  IDEA  plugin  is  in-
              stalled),  3DES,  and CAST5, the hashes MD5, SHA1 and RIPEMD160,
              and the compression algorithms none and ZIP. This also  disables
              --throw-keyids,  and  making  signatures with signing subkeys as
              PGP 6 does not understand signatures made by signing subkeys.

              This option implies --escape-from-lines.

       --pgp7 Set up all options to be as PGP 7 compliant as possible. This is
              identical  to  --pgp6 except that MDCs are not disabled, and the
              list of allowable ciphers is expanded  to  add  AES128,  AES192,
              AES256, and TWOFISH.

       --pgp8 Set  up  all options to be as PGP 8 compliant as possible. PGP 8
              is a lot closer to the OpenPGP standard than  previous  versions
              of PGP, so all this does is disable --throw-keyids and set --es-
              cape-from-lines.  All algorithms  are  allowed  except  for  the
              SHA224, SHA384, and SHA512 digests.

       --compliance string
              This  option  can  be  used instead of one of the options above.
              Valid values for string are the above option names (without  the
              double  dash) and possibly others as shown when using "help" for
              value.

   Doing things one usually doesn't want to do

       -n
       --dry-run
              Don't make any changes (this is not completely implemented).

       --list-only
              Changes the behaviour of some commands. This is  like  --dry-run
              but  different in some cases. The semantic of this option may be
              extended in the future. Currently it only skips the  actual  de-
              cryption  pass  and  therefore enables a fast listing of the en-
              cryption keys.

       -i
       --interactive
              Prompt before overwriting any files.

       --debug-level level
              Select the debug level for investigating problems. level may  be
              a numeric value or by a keyword:

              none   No  debugging at all.  A value of less than 1 may be used
                     instead of the keyword.

              basic  Some basic debug messages.  A value between 1 and  2  may
                     be used instead of the keyword.

              advanced
                     More verbose debug messages.  A value between 3 and 5 may
                     be used instead of the keyword.

              expert Even more detailed messages.  A value between 6 and 8 may
                     be used instead of the keyword.

              guru   All  of  the  debug messages you can get. A value greater
                     than 8 may be used instead of the keyword.  The  creation
                     of  hash  tracing files is only enabled if the keyword is
                     used.

       How these messages are mapped to the  actual  debugging  flags  is  not
       specified  and may change with newer releases of this program. They are
       however carefully selected to best aid in debugging.

       --debug flags
              Set debugging flags. All flags are or-ed and flags may be  given
              in  C  syntax (e.g. 0x0042) or as a comma separated list of flag
              names.  To get a list of all supported  flags  the  single  word
              "help" can be used.

       --debug-all
              Set all useful debugging flags.

       --debug-iolbf
              Set stdout into line buffered mode.  This option is only honored
              when given on the command line.

       --faked-system-time epoch
              This option is only useful for testing; it sets the system  time
              back  or  forth  to epoch which is the number of seconds elapsed
              since the year 1970.  Alternatively epoch may be given as a full
              ISO time string (e.g. "20070924T154812").

              If  you  suffix  epoch  with an exclamation mark (!), the system
              time will appear to be frozen at the specified time.

       --enable-progress-filter
              Enable certain  PROGRESS  status  outputs.  This  option  allows
              frontends  to display a progress indicator while gpg is process-
              ing larger files.  There is a slight performance overhead  using
              it.

       --status-fd n
              Write  special status strings to the file descriptor n.  See the
              file DETAILS in the documentation for a listing of them.

       --status-file file
              Same as --status-fd, except the status data is written  to  file
              file.

       --logger-fd n
              Write log output to file descriptor n and not to STDERR.

       --log-file file
       --logger-file file
              Same  as  --logger-fd, except the logger data is written to file
              file.  Use 'socket://' to log to a socket.  Note  that  in  this
              version  of gpg the option has only an effect if --batch is also
              used.

       --attribute-fd n
              Write attribute subpackets to the file  descriptor  n.  This  is
              most  useful for use with --status-fd, since the status messages
              are needed to separate  out  the  various  subpackets  from  the
              stream delivered to the file descriptor.

       --attribute-file file
              Same  as --attribute-fd, except the attribute data is written to
              file file.

       --comment string
       --no-comments
              Use string as a comment string in cleartext signatures and ASCII
              armored  messages or keys (see --armor). The default behavior is
              not to use a comment string. --comment may be repeated  multiple
              times to get multiple comment strings. --no-comments removes all
              comments.  It is a good idea to keep the length of a single com-
              ment  below  60  characters to avoid problems with mail programs
              wrapping such lines.  Note that comment lines,  like  all  other
              header lines, are not protected by the signature.

       --emit-version
       --no-emit-version
              Force  inclusion  of the version string in ASCII armored output.
              If given once only the name of the program and the major  number
              is  emitted, given twice the minor is also emitted, given thrice
              the micro is added, and given four  times  an  operating  system
              identification  is  also  emitted.   --no-emit-version (default)
              disables the version line.

       --sig-notation {name=value}
       --cert-notation {name=value}
       -N, --set-notation {name=value}
              Put the name value pair into the  signature  as  notation  data.
              name  must  consist  only of printable characters or spaces, and
              must contain a '@' character in  the  form  keyname@domain.exam-
              ple.com  (substituting  the appropriate keyname and domain name,
              of course).  This is to help prevent pollution of the  IETF  re-
              served  notation  namespace. The --expert flag overrides the '@'
              check. value may be any printable string; it will be encoded  in
              UTF-8,  so  you  should check that your --display-charset is set
              correctly. If you prefix name with an exclamation mark (!),  the
              notation  data  will  be flagged as critical (rfc4880:5.2.3.16).
              --sig-notation sets a notation for data signatures. --cert-nota-
              tion sets a notation for key signatures (certifications). --set-
              notation sets both.

              There are special codes that may be used in notation names. "%k"
              will  be  expanded into the key ID of the key being signed, "%K"
              into the long key ID of the key being signed, "%f" into the fin-
              gerprint  of  the  key being signed, "%s" into the key ID of the
              key making the signature, "%S" into the long key ID of  the  key
              making  the signature, "%g" into the fingerprint of the key mak-
              ing the signature (which might be a subkey), "%p" into the  fin-
              gerprint  of  the  primary  key of the key making the signature,
              "%c" into the signature count from the  OpenPGP  smartcard,  and
              "%%" results in a single "%". %k, %K, and %f are only meaningful
              when making a key signature  (certification),  and  %c  is  only
              meaningful when using the OpenPGP smartcard.

       --known-notation name
              Adds  name to a list of known critical signature notations.  The
              effect of this is that gpg will not  mark  a  signature  with  a
              critical  signature notation of that name as bad.  Note that gpg
              already knows by default about a few critical  signatures  nota-
              tion names.

       --sig-policy-url string
       --cert-policy-url string
       --set-policy-url string
              Use  string  as  a Policy URL for signatures (rfc4880:5.2.3.20).
              If you prefix it with an exclamation mark (!),  the  policy  URL
              packet will be flagged as critical. --sig-policy-url sets a pol-
              icy url for data signatures. --cert-policy-url sets a policy url
              for key signatures (certifications). --set-policy-url sets both.

              The same %-expandos used for notation data are available here as
              well.

       --sig-keyserver-url string
              Use string as a preferred keyserver URL for data signatures.  If
              you  prefix  it  with an exclamation mark (!), the keyserver URL
              packet will be flagged as critical.

              The same %-expandos used for notation data are available here as
              well.

       --set-filename string
              Use  string  as  the  filename  which is stored inside messages.
              This overrides the default, which is to use the actual  filename
              of  the file being encrypted.  Using the empty string for string
              effectively removes the filename from the output.

       --for-your-eyes-only
       --no-for-your-eyes-only
              Set the `for your eyes only' flag in the  message.  This  causes
              GnuPG  to  refuse to save the file unless the --output option is
              given, and PGP to use a "secure viewer" with a claimed  Tempest-
              resistant  font  to  display  the message. This option overrides
              --set-filename.  --no-for-your-eyes-only disables this option.

       --use-embedded-filename
       --no-use-embedded-filename
              Try to create a file with a name as embedded in the  data.  This
              can  be a dangerous option as it enables overwriting files.  De-
              faults to no.  Note that the option --output overrides this  op-
              tion.

       --cipher-algo name
              Use  name as cipher algorithm. Running the program with the com-
              mand --version yields a list of supported algorithms. If this is
              not  used  the cipher algorithm is selected from the preferences
              stored with the key. In general, you do not want to use this op-
              tion  as  it allows you to violate the OpenPGP standard.  --per-
              sonal-cipher-preferences is the safe way to accomplish the  same
              thing.

       --digest-algo name
              Use  name  as  the message digest algorithm. Running the program
              with the command --version yields  a  list  of  supported  algo-
              rithms. In general, you do not want to use this option as it al-
              lows you to violate  the  OpenPGP  standard.  --personal-digest-
              preferences is the safe way to accomplish the same thing.

       --compress-algo name
              Use compression algorithm name. "zlib" is RFC-1950 ZLIB compres-
              sion. "zip" is RFC-1951 ZIP compression which is  used  by  PGP.
              "bzip2"  is  a  more modern compression scheme that can compress
              some things better than zip or zlib, but at  the  cost  of  more
              memory used during compression and decompression. "uncompressed"
              or "none" disables compression. If this option is not used,  the
              default  behavior is to examine the recipient key preferences to
              see which algorithms the recipient supports. If all else  fails,
              ZIP is used for maximum compatibility.

              ZLIB  may  give better compression results than ZIP, as the com-
              pression window size is not limited to 8k. BZIP2 may  give  even
              better  compression  results  than that, but will use a signifi-
              cantly larger amount of memory while compressing and decompress-
              ing.  This  may  be  significant in low memory situations. Note,
              however, that PGP (all versions) only supports ZIP  compression.
              Using  any algorithm other than ZIP or "none" will make the mes-
              sage unreadable with PGP. In general, you do  not  want  to  use
              this  option  as  it allows you to violate the OpenPGP standard.
              --personal-compress-preferences is the safe  way  to  accomplish
              the same thing.

       --cert-digest-algo name
              Use  name  as  the  message digest algorithm used when signing a
              key. Running the program with the  command  --version  yields  a
              list of supported algorithms. Be aware that if you choose an al-
              gorithm that GnuPG supports but other OpenPGP implementations do
              not,  then some users will not be able to use the key signatures
              you make, or quite possibly your entire key.

       --disable-cipher-algo name
              Never allow the use of name as cipher algorithm.  The given name
              will  not be checked so that a later loaded algorithm will still
              get disabled.

       --disable-pubkey-algo name
              Never allow the use of name as public key algorithm.  The  given
              name  will  not be checked so that a later loaded algorithm will
              still get disabled.

       --throw-keyids
       --no-throw-keyids
              Do not put the recipient key IDs into encrypted  messages.  This
              helps  to  hide  the  receivers  of the message and is a limited
              countermeasure against traffic analysis. ([Using a little social
              engineering  anyone who is able to decrypt the message can check
              whether one of the other recipients is the  one  he  suspects.])
              On  the  receiving side, it may slow down the decryption process
              because all available secret keys must  be  tried.   --no-throw-
              keyids disables this option. This option is essentially the same
              as using --hidden-recipient for all recipients.

       --not-dash-escaped
              This option changes the behavior of cleartext signatures so that
              they  can  be  used for patch files. You should not send such an
              armored file via email because all spaces and line  endings  are
              hashed  too.  You  can  not use this option for data which has 5
              dashes at the beginning of a line, patch files don't have  this.
              A  special  armor  header  line tells GnuPG about this cleartext
              signature option.

       --escape-from-lines
       --no-escape-from-lines
              Because some mailers change  lines  starting  with  "From  "  to
              ">From  "  it is good to handle such lines in a special way when
              creating cleartext signatures to prevent the  mail  system  from
              breaking  the  signature. Note that all other PGP versions do it
              this way too.  Enabled by default.  --no-escape-from-lines  dis-
              ables this option.

       --passphrase-repeat n
              Specify  how many times gpg will request a new passphrase be re-
              peated.  This is useful for helping memorize a passphrase.   De-
              faults to 1 repetition.

       --passphrase-fd n
              Read  the passphrase from file descriptor n. Only the first line
              will be read from file descriptor n. If you use  0  for  n,  the
              passphrase  will  be  read  from STDIN. This can only be used if
              only one passphrase is supplied.

              Note that since Version 2.0 this passphrase is only used if  the
              option  --batch  has  also  been  given.  Since  Version 2.1 the
              --pinentry-mode also needs to be set to loopback.

       --passphrase-file file
              Read the passphrase from file file. Only the first line will  be
              read  from  file  file.  This  can  only  be  used  if  only one
              passphrase is supplied. Obviously, a passphrase stored in a file
              is  of  questionable security if other users can read this file.
              Don't use this option if you can avoid it.

              Note that since Version 2.0 this passphrase is only used if  the
              option  --batch  has  also  been  given.  Since  Version 2.1 the
              --pinentry-mode also needs to be set to loopback.

       --passphrase string
              Use string as the passphrase. This can only be used if only  one
              passphrase  is supplied. Obviously, this is of very questionable
              security on a multi-user system. Don't use this  option  if  you
              can avoid it.

              Note  that since Version 2.0 this passphrase is only used if the
              option --batch has  also  been  given.  Since  Version  2.1  the
              --pinentry-mode also needs to be set to loopback.

       --pinentry-mode mode
              Set the pinentry mode to mode.  Allowed values for mode are:

              default
                     Use the default of the agent, which is ask.

              ask    Force the use of the Pinentry.

              cancel Emulate use of Pinentry's cancel button.

              error  Return a Pinentry error (``No Pinentry'').

              loopback
                     Redirect  Pinentry  queries  to the caller.  Note that in
                     contrast to Pinentry the user is not prompted again if he
                     enters a bad password.

       --no-symkey-cache
              Disable  the  passphrase  cache used for symmetrical en- and de-
              cryption.  This cache is based  on  the  message  specific  salt
              value (cf. --s2k-mode).

       --request-origin origin
              Tell  gpg  to assume that the operation ultimately originated at
              origin.  Depending on the origin certain  restrictions  are  ap-
              plied  and the Pinentry may include an extra note on the origin.
              Supported values for origin are: local which is the default, re-
              mote to indicate a remote origin or browser for an operation re-
              quested by a web browser.

       --command-fd n
              This is a replacement for the deprecated shared-memory IPC mode.
              If  this  option  is enabled, user input on questions is not ex-
              pected from the TTY but  from  the  given  file  descriptor.  It
              should  be  used together with --status-fd. See the file doc/DE-
              TAILS in the source distribution for details on how to use it.

       --command-file file
              Same as --command-fd, except the commands are read out  of  file
              file

       --allow-non-selfsigned-uid
       --no-allow-non-selfsigned-uid
              Allow  the  import  and  use of keys with user IDs which are not
              self-signed. This is not recommended, as a non self-signed  user
              ID is trivial to forge. --no-allow-non-selfsigned-uid disables.

       --allow-freeform-uid
              Disable all checks on the form of the user ID while generating a
              new one. This option should only be used in very  special  envi-
              ronments  as  it does not ensure the de-facto standard format of
              user IDs.

       --ignore-time-conflict
              GnuPG normally checks that the timestamps associated  with  keys
              and  signatures have plausible values. However, sometimes a sig-
              nature seems to be older than the key  due  to  clock  problems.
              This  option  makes  these checks just a warning. See also --ig-
              nore-valid-from for timestamp issues on subkeys.

       --ignore-valid-from
              GnuPG normally does not select and use subkeys  created  in  the
              future.   This  option  allows the use of such keys and thus ex-
              hibits the pre-1.0.7 behaviour. You should not use  this  option
              unless  there is some clock problem. See also --ignore-time-con-
              flict for timestamp issues with signatures.

       --ignore-crc-error
              The ASCII armor used by OpenPGP is protected by a  CRC  checksum
              against  transmission  errors. Occasionally the CRC gets mangled
              somewhere on the transmission channel  but  the  actual  content
              (which  is  protected  by  the OpenPGP protocol anyway) is still
              okay. This option allows GnuPG to ignore CRC errors.

       --ignore-mdc-error
              This option changes a MDC integrity protection  failure  into  a
              warning.   It  is required to decrypt old messages which did not
              use an MDC.  It may also be useful if  a  message  is  partially
              garbled, but it is necessary to get as much data as possible out
              of that garbled message.  Be aware that a missing or failed  MDC
              can  be an indication of an attack.  Use with great caution; see
              also option --rfc2440.

       --allow-weak-digest-algos
              Signatures made with known-weak digest algorithms  are  normally
              rejected with an ``invalid digest algorithm'' message.  This op-
              tion allows the verification of signatures made with  such  weak
              algorithms.  MD5 is the only digest algorithm considered weak by
              default.  See also --weak-digest to reject  other  digest  algo-
              rithms.

       --weak-digest name
              Treat  the  specified digest algorithm as weak.  Signatures made
              over weak digests algorithms are normally rejected. This  option
              can  be supplied multiple times if multiple algorithms should be
              considered weak.  See also --allow-weak-digest-algos to  disable
              rejection  of  weak digests.  MD5 is always considered weak, and
              does not need to be listed explicitly.

       --allow-weak-key-signatures
              To avoid a minor risk of collision attacks  on  third-party  key
              signatures made using SHA-1, those key signatures are considered
              invalid.  This options allows to override this restriction.

       --no-default-keyring
              Do not add the default keyrings to the list  of  keyrings.  Note
              that  GnuPG will not operate without any keyrings, so if you use
              this option and do not provide alternate keyrings via  --keyring
              or  --secret-keyring, then GnuPG will still use the default pub-
              lic or secret keyrings.

       --no-keyring
              Do not use any keyring at all.  This overrides the  default  and
              all options which specify keyrings.

       --skip-verify
              Skip  the  signature verification step. This may be used to make
              the decryption faster  if  the  signature  verification  is  not
              needed.

       --with-key-data
              Print  key listings delimited by colons (like --with-colons) and
              print the public key data.

       --list-signatures
       --list-sigs
              Same as --list-keys, but the signatures are  listed  too.   This
              command  has  the  same effect as using --list-keys with --with-
              sig-list.  Note that in contrast to --check-signatures  the  key
              signatures are not verified.  This command can be used to create
              a list of signing keys missing in the local keyring;  for  exam-
              ple:

               gpg --list-sigs --with-colons USERID | \
                 awk -F: '$1=="sig" && $2=="?" {if($13){print $13}else{print $5}}'

       --fast-list-mode
              Changes  the output of the list commands to work faster; this is
              achieved by leaving some parts empty.  Some  applications  don't
              need  the  user  ID and the trust information given in the list-
              ings. By using this options they can get a faster  listing.  The
              exact  behaviour  of  this option may change in future versions.
              If you are missing some information, don't use this option.

       --no-literal
              This is not for normal use. Use the source to see  for  what  it
              might be useful.

       --set-filesize
              This  is  not  for normal use. Use the source to see for what it
              might be useful.

       --show-session-key
              Display the session key used for one  message.  See  --override-
              session-key for the counterpart of this option.

              We think that Key Escrow is a Bad Thing; however the user should
              have the freedom to decide whether to go to prison or to  reveal
              the  content  of  one  specific message without compromising all
              messages ever encrypted for one secret key.

              You can also use this option if you receive an encrypted message
              which is abusive or offensive, to prove to the administrators of
              the messaging system that the ciphertext transmitted corresponds
              to  an  inappropriate  plaintext so they can take action against
              the offending user.

       --override-session-key string
       --override-session-key-fd fd
              Don't use the public key but the session key  string  respective
              the  session  key  taken  from the first line read from file de-
              scriptor fd.  The format of this string is the same as  the  one
              printed  by --show-session-key. This option is normally not used
              but comes handy in case someone forces you to reveal the content
              of an encrypted message; using this option you can do this with-
              out handing out the secret key.  Note that using --override-ses-
              sion-key  may  reveal the session key to all local users via the
              global process table.  Often it is useful to combine this option
              with --no-keyring.

       --ask-sig-expire
       --no-ask-sig-expire
              When  making a data signature, prompt for an expiration time. If
              this option is not specified, the expiration time set via  --de-
              fault-sig-expire  is used. --no-ask-sig-expire disables this op-
              tion.

       --default-sig-expire
              The default expiration time to  use  for  signature  expiration.
              Valid values are "0" for no expiration, a number followed by the
              letter d (for days), w (for weeks), m (for months),  or  y  (for
              years)  (for  example  "2m"  for  two  months,  or "5y" for five
              years), or an absolute date in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Defaults  to
              "0".

       --ask-cert-expire
       --no-ask-cert-expire
              When  making  a key signature, prompt for an expiration time. If
              this option is not specified, the expiration time set via  --de-
              fault-cert-expire  is  used.  --no-ask-cert-expire disables this
              option.

       --default-cert-expire
              The default expiration time to use for key signature expiration.
              Valid values are "0" for no expiration, a number followed by the
              letter d (for days), w (for weeks), m (for months),  or  y  (for
              years)  (for  example  "2m"  for  two  months,  or "5y" for five
              years), or an absolute date in the form YYYY-MM-DD. Defaults  to
              "0".

       --default-new-key-algo string
              This option can be used to change the default algorithms for key
              generation. The string is similar to the arguments required  for
              the command --quick-add-key but slightly different.  For example
              the  current  default  of  "rsa2048/cert,sign+rsa2048/encr"  (or
              "rsa3072") can be changed to the value of what we currently call
              future default, which is "ed25519/cert,sign+cv25519/encr".   You
              need to consult the source code to learn the details.  Note that
              the advanced key generation commands can always be used to spec-
              ify a key algorithm directly.

       --allow-secret-key-import
              This is an obsolete option and is not used anywhere.

       --allow-multiple-messages

       --no-allow-multiple-messages
              Allow  processing  of  multiple  OpenPGP messages contained in a
              single file or stream.  Some programs that call GPG are not pre-
              pared  to  deal with multiple messages being processed together,
              so this option defaults to no.  Note that versions of GPG  prior
              to  1.4.7  always allowed multiple messages.  Future versions of
              GnUPG will remove this option.

              Warning: Do not use this option unless you need it as  a  tempo-
              rary workaround!

       --enable-special-filenames
              This option enables a mode in which filenames of the form '-&n',
              where n is a non-negative decimal number, refer to the file  de-
              scriptor n and not to a file with that name.

       --no-expensive-trust-checks
              Experimental use only.

       --preserve-permissions
              Don't  change  the  permissions of a secret keyring back to user
              read/write only. Use this option only if you  really  know  what
              you are doing.

       --default-preference-list string
              Set  the  list of default preferences to string. This preference
              list is used for new keys and becomes the default for  "setpref"
              in the edit menu.

       --default-keyserver-url name
              Set  the  default  keyserver URL to name. This keyserver will be
              used as the keyserver URL when writing a new self-signature on a
              key, which includes key generation and changing preferences.

       --list-config
              Display various internal configuration parameters of GnuPG. This
              option is intended for external programs that call GnuPG to per-
              form  tasks,  and  is  thus  not  generally useful. See the file
              'doc/DETAILS' in the source  distribution  for  the  details  of
              which  configuration  items may be listed. --list-config is only
              usable with --with-colons set.

       --list-gcrypt-config
              Display various internal configuration parameters of Libgcrypt.

       --gpgconf-list
              This command is similar to --list-config but in general only in-
              ternally used by the gpgconf tool.

       --gpgconf-test
              This  is  more or less dummy action.  However it parses the con-
              figuration file and returns with failure  if  the  configuration
              file would prevent gpg from startup.  Thus it may be used to run
              a syntax check on the configuration file.

   Deprecated options

       --show-photos
       --no-show-photos
              Causes   --list-keys,   --list-signatures,   --list-public-keys,
              --list-secret-keys,  and  verifying  a signature to also display
              the photo ID attached to the key,  if  any.  See  also  --photo-
              viewer.   These   options  are  deprecated.  Use  --list-options
              [no-]show-photos and/or  --verify-options  [no-]show-photos  in-
              stead.

       --show-keyring
              Display  the  keyring  name  at the head of key listings to show
              which keyring a given key resides on. This option is deprecated:
              use --list-options [no-]show-keyring instead.

       --always-trust
              Identical to --trust-model always. This option is deprecated.

       --show-notation
       --no-show-notation
              Show  signature  notations  in the --list-signatures or --check-
              signatures listings as well as when verifying a signature with a
              notation in it. These options are deprecated. Use --list-options
              [no-]show-notation  and/or  --verify-options  [no-]show-notation
              instead.

       --show-policy-url
       --no-show-policy-url
              Show  policy URLs in the --list-signatures or --check-signatures
              listings as well as when verifying a signature with a policy URL
              in   it.   These  options  are  deprecated.  Use  --list-options
              [no-]show-policy-url and/or  --verify-options  [no-]show-policy-
              url instead.

EXAMPLES
       gpg -se -r Bob file
              sign and encrypt for user Bob

       gpg --clear-sign file
              make a cleartext signature

       gpg -sb file
              make a detached signature

       gpg -u 0x12345678 -sb file
              make a detached signature with the key 0x12345678

       gpg --list-keys user_ID
              show keys

       gpg --fingerprint user_ID
              show fingerprint

       gpg --verify pgpfile
       gpg --verify sigfile [datafile]
              Verify  the signature of the file but do not output the data un-
              less requested.  The second form is  used  for  detached  signa-
              tures, where sigfile is the detached signature (either ASCII ar-
              mored or binary) and datafile are the signed data;  if  this  is
              not  given, the name of the file holding the signed data is con-
              structed by cutting off the extension (".asc" or ".sig") of sig-
              file  or  by  asking  the  user for the filename.  If the option
              --output is also used the signed data is  written  to  the  file
              specified by that option; use - to write the signed data to std-
              out.

HOW TO SPECIFY A USER ID
       There are different ways to specify a user ID to GnuPG.  Some  of  them
       are only valid for gpg others are only good for gpgsm.  Here is the en-
       tire list of ways to specify a key:

       By key Id.
              This format is deduced from the length of  the  string  and  its
              content or 0x prefix. The key Id of an X.509 certificate are the
              low 64 bits of its SHA-1 fingerprint.  The use  of  key  Ids  is
              just  a  shortcut,  for all automated processing the fingerprint
              should be used.

              When using gpg an exclamation mark (!) may be appended to  force
              using  the specified primary or secondary key and not to try and
              calculate which primary or secondary key to use.

              The last four lines of the example give the key ID in their long
              form as internally used by the OpenPGP protocol. You can see the
              long key ID using the option --with-colons.

         234567C4
         0F34E556E
         01347A56A
         0xAB123456

         234AABBCC34567C4
         0F323456784E56EAB
         01AB3FED1347A5612
         0x234AABBCC34567C4

       By fingerprint.
              This format is deduced from the length of  the  string  and  its
              content  or  the 0x prefix.  Note, that only the 20 byte version
              fingerprint is available with gpgsm (i.e. the SHA-1 hash of  the
              certificate).

              When  using gpg an exclamation mark (!) may be appended to force
              using the specified primary or secondary key and not to try  and
              calculate which primary or secondary key to use.

              The  best  way  to specify a key Id is by using the fingerprint.
              This avoids any ambiguities in case that  there  are  duplicated
              key IDs.

         1234343434343434C434343434343434
         123434343434343C3434343434343734349A3434
         0E12343434343434343434EAB3484343434343434
         0xE12343434343434343434EAB3484343434343434

       gpgsm  also  accepts colons between each pair of hexadecimal digits be-
       cause this is the de-facto standard on how  to  present  X.509  finger-
       prints.   gpg  also allows the use of the space separated SHA-1 finger-
       print as printed by the key listing commands.

       By exact match on OpenPGP user ID.
              This is denoted by a leading equal sign. It does not make  sense
              for X.509 certificates.

         =Heinrich Heine <heinrichh@uni-duesseldorf.de>

       By exact match on an email address.
              This  is  indicated  by enclosing the email address in the usual
              way with left and right angles.

         <heinrichh@uni-duesseldorf.de>

       By partial match on an email address.
              This is indicated by prefixing the  search  string  with  an  @.
              This uses a substring search but considers only the mail address
              (i.e. inside the angle brackets).

         @heinrichh

       By exact match on the subject's DN.
              This is indicated by a leading slash, directly followed  by  the
              RFC-2253 encoded DN of the subject.  Note that you can't use the
              string printed by gpgsm --list-keys because that  one  has  been
              reordered and modified for better readability; use --with-colons
              to print the raw (but standard escaped) RFC-2253 string.

         /CN=Heinrich Heine,O=Poets,L=Paris,C=FR

       By exact match on the issuer's DN.
              This is indicated by a leading hash mark, directly followed by a
              slash  and  then directly followed by the RFC-2253 encoded DN of
              the issuer.  This should return the Root  cert  of  the  issuer.
              See note above.

         #/CN=Root Cert,O=Poets,L=Paris,C=FR

       By exact match on serial number and issuer's DN.
              This  is  indicated  by a hash mark, followed by the hexadecimal
              representation of the serial number, then followed  by  a  slash
              and the RFC-2253 encoded DN of the issuer. See note above.

         #4F03/CN=Root Cert,O=Poets,L=Paris,C=FR

       By keygrip.
              This  is indicated by an ampersand followed by the 40 hex digits
              of a keygrip.  gpgsm prints the keygrip when using  the  command
              --dump-cert.

         &D75F22C3F86E355877348498CDC92BD21010A480

       By substring match.
              This is the default mode but applications may want to explicitly
              indicate this by putting the asterisk in front.   Match  is  not
              case sensitive.

         Heine
         *Heine

       . and + prefixes
              These prefixes are reserved for looking up mails anchored at the
              end and for a word search mode.  They are  not  yet  implemented
              and using them is undefined.

              Please  note  that we have reused the hash mark identifier which
              was used in old GnuPG versions to indicate the so called  local-
              id.  It is not anymore used and there should be no conflict when
              used with X.509 stuff.

              Using the RFC-2253 format of DNs has the drawback that it is not
              possible  to  map them back to the original encoding, however we
              don't have to do this because our key database stores  this  en-
              coding as meta data.

FILTER EXPRESSIONS
       The  options  --import-filter  and --export-filter use expressions with
       this syntax (square brackets indicate an optional part and curly braces
       a repetition, white space between the elements are allowed):

                  [lc] {[{flag}] PROPNAME op VALUE [lc]}

       The  name  of a property (PROPNAME) may only consist of letters, digits
       and underscores.  The description for the filter type  describes  which
       properties  are defined.  If an undefined property is used it evaluates
       to the empty string.  Unless otherwise noted, the VALUE must always  be
       given  and  may not be the empty string.  No quoting is defined for the
       value, thus the value may not contain the strings && or ||,  which  are
       used  as  logical connection operators.  The flag -- can be used to re-
       move this restriction.

       Numerical values are computed as long int; standard C notation applies.
       lc  is  the logical connection operator; either && for a conjunction or
       || for a disjunction.  A conjunction is assumed at the begin of an  ex-
       pression.   Conjunctions  have higher precedence than disjunctions.  If
       VALUE starts with one of the characters used in any op  a  space  after
       the op is required.

       The supported operators (op) are:

       =~     Substring must match.

       !~     Substring must not match.

       =      The full string must match.

       <>     The full string must not match.

       ==     The numerical value must match.

       !=     The numerical value must not match.

       <=     The numerical value of the field must be LE than the value.

       <      The numerical value of the field must be LT than the value.

       >      The numerical value of the field must be GT than the value.

       >=     The numerical value of the field must be GE than the value.

       -le    The  string  value  of  the field must be less or equal than the
              value.

       -lt    The string value of the field must be less than the value.

       -gt    The string value of the field must be greater than the value.

       -ge    The string value of the field must be greater or equal than  the
              value.

       -n     True if value is not empty (no value allowed).

       -z     True if value is empty (no value allowed).

       -t     Alias for "PROPNAME != 0" (no value allowed).

       -f     Alias for "PROPNAME == 0" (no value allowed).

       Values for flag must be space separated.  The supported flags are:

       --     VALUE spans to the end of the expression.

       -c     The string match in this part is done case-sensitive.

       The  filter  options concatenate several specifications for a filter of
       the same type.  For example the four options in this example:

                 --import-filter keep-uid="uid =~ Alfa"
                 --import-filter keep-uid="&& uid !~ Test"
                 --import-filter keep-uid="|| uid =~ Alpha"
                 --import-filter keep-uid="uid !~ Test"

       which is equivalent to

                 --import-filter \
                  keep-uid="uid =~ Alfa" && uid !~ Test" || uid =~ Alpha" && "uid !~ Test"

       imports only the user ids of a key containing  the  strings  "Alfa"  or
       "Alpha" but not the string "test".

TRUST VALUES
       Trust  values  are used to indicate ownertrust and validity of keys and
       user IDs.  They are displayed with letters or strings:

       -
       unknown
              No ownertrust assigned / not yet calculated.

       e
       expired

              Trust calculation has failed; probably due to an expired key.

       q
       undefined, undef
              Not enough information for calculation.

       n
       never  Never trust this key.

       m
       marginal
              Marginally trusted.

       f
       full   Fully trusted.

       u
       ultimate
              Ultimately trusted.

       r
       revoked
              For validity only: the key or the user ID has been revoked.

       ?
       err    The program encountered an unknown trust value.

FILES
       There are a few configuration files to control certain aspects of gpg's
       operation.  Unless  noted, they are expected in the current home direc-
       tory (see: [option --homedir]).

       gpg.conf
              This is the standard configuration file read by gpg on  startup.
              It may contain any valid long option; the leading two dashes may
              not be entered and the option may not be abbreviated.  This  de-
              fault  name may be changed on the command line (see: [gpg-option
              --options]).  You should backup this file.

       Note that on larger installations, it is useful to put predefined files
       into the directory '/etc/skel/.gnupg' so that newly created users start
       up with a working configuration.  For existing  users  a  small  helper
       script is provided to create these files (see: [addgnupghome]).

       For internal purposes gpg creates and maintains a few other files; They
       all live in the current home directory (see: [option --homedir]).  Only
       the gpg program may modify these files.

       ~/.gnupg
              This  is the default home directory which is used if neither the
              environment variable  GNUPGHOME  nor  the  option  --homedir  is
              given.

       ~/.gnupg/pubring.gpg
              The public keyring.  You should backup this file.

       ~/.gnupg/pubring.gpg.lock
              The lock file for the public keyring.

       ~/.gnupg/pubring.kbx
              The  public  keyring  using  a  different  format.  This file is
              shared with gpgsm.  You should backup this file.

       ~/.gnupg/pubring.kbx.lock
              The lock file for 'pubring.kbx'.

       ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg
              A secret keyring as used by GnuPG versions before  2.1.   It  is
              not used by GnuPG 2.1 and later.

       ~/.gnupg/secring.gpg.lock
              The lock file for the secret keyring.

       ~/.gnupg/.gpg-v21-migrated
              File indicating that a migration to GnuPG 2.1 has been done.

       ~/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg
              The trust database.  There is no need to backup this file; it is
              better to backup the ownertrust values (see:  [option  --export-
              ownertrust]).

       ~/.gnupg/trustdb.gpg.lock
              The lock file for the trust database.

       ~/.gnupg/random_seed
              A file used to preserve the state of the internal random pool.

       ~/.gnupg/openpgp-revocs.d/
              This  is the directory where gpg stores pre-generated revocation
              certificates.  The file name corresponds to the OpenPGP  finger-
              print  of  the  respective key.  It is suggested to backup those
              certificates and if the primary private key is not stored on the
              disk to move them to an external storage device.  Anyone who can
              access theses files is able to  revoke  the  corresponding  key.
              You  may want to print them out.  You should backup all files in
              this directory and take care to keep this backup closed away.

       Operation is further controlled by a few environment variables:

       HOME   Used to locate the default home directory.

       GNUPGHOME
              If set directory used instead of "~/.gnupg".

       GPG_AGENT_INFO
              This variable is obsolete; it was used by GnuPG versions  before
              2.1.

       PINENTRY_USER_DATA
              This value is passed via gpg-agent to pinentry.  It is useful to
              convey extra information to a custom pinentry.

       COLUMNS
       LINES  Used to size some displays to the full size of the screen.

       LANGUAGE
              Apart from its use by GNU, it is used  in  the  W32  version  to
              override  the  language selection done through the Registry.  If
              used and set to a valid and available  language  name  (langid),
              the    file    with    the    translation    is    loaded   from
              gpgdir/gnupg.nls/langid.mo.  Here gpgdir is the directory out of
              which the gpg binary has been loaded.  If it can't be loaded the
              Registry is tried and as last resort the native  Windows  locale
              system is used.

       When  calling  the  gpg-agent  component gpg sends a set of environment
       variables to gpg-agent.  The names of these variables can be listed us-
       ing the command:

           gpg-connect-agent 'getinfo std_env_names' /bye | awk '$1=="D" {print $2}'

BUGS
       On older systems this program should be installed as setuid(root). This
       is necessary to lock memory pages. Locking memory  pages  prevents  the
       operating   system   from  writing  memory  pages  (which  may  contain
       passphrases or other sensitive material) to disk. If you get no warning
       message  about  insecure  memory your operating system supports locking
       without being root. The program drops root privileges as soon as locked
       memory is allocated.

       Note  also  that  some systems (especially laptops) have the ability to
       ``suspend to disk'' (also known as ``safe  sleep''  or  ``hibernate'').
       This  writes  all  memory to disk before going into a low power or even
       powered off mode.  Unless measures are taken in the operating system to
       protect  the  saved memory, passphrases or other sensitive material may
       be recoverable from it later.

       Before you report a bug you should first search the  mailing  list  ar-
       chives for similar problems and second check whether such a bug has al-
       ready been reported to our bug tracker at https://bugs.gnupg.org.

SEE ALSO
       gpgv(1), gpgsm(1), gpg-agent(1)

       The full documentation for this tool is maintained as a Texinfo manual.
       If  GnuPG and the info program are properly installed at your site, the
       command

         info gnupg

       should give you access to the complete manual including a  menu  struc-
       ture and an index.

GnuPG 2.2.20                      2020-03-18                            GPG(1)

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