ioctl_getfsmap(2)



IOCTL_GETFSMAP(2)          Linux Programmer's Manual         IOCTL_GETFSMAP(2)

NAME
       ioctl_getfsmap - retrieve the physical layout of the filesystem

SYNOPSIS
       #include <sys/ioctl.h>
       #include <linux/fs.h>
       #include <linux/fsmap.h>

       int ioctl(int fd, FS_IOC_GETFSMAP, struct fsmap_head * arg);

DESCRIPTION
       This  ioctl(2)  operation  retrieves  physical  extent  mappings  for a
       filesystem.  This information can be used to discover which  files  are
       mapped  to  a  physical  block,  examine  free space, or find known bad
       blocks, among other things.

       The sole argument to this operation should be a  pointer  to  a  single
       struct fsmap_head:

           struct fsmap {
               __u32 fmr_device;      /* Device ID */
               __u32 fmr_flags;       /* Mapping flags */
               __u64 fmr_physical;    /* Device offset of segment */
               __u64 fmr_owner;       /* Owner ID */
               __u64 fmr_offset;      /* File offset of segment */
               __u64 fmr_length;      /* Length of segment */
               __u64 fmr_reserved[3]; /* Must be zero */
           };

           struct fsmap_head {
               __u32 fmh_iflags;       /* Control flags */
               __u32 fmh_oflags;       /* Output flags */
               __u32 fmh_count;        /* # of entries in array incl. input */
               __u32 fmh_entries;      /* # of entries filled in (output) */
               __u64 fmh_reserved[6];  /* Must be zero */

               struct fsmap fmh_keys[2];  /* Low and high keys for
                                             the mapping search */
               struct fsmap fmh_recs[];   /* Returned records */
           };

       The two fmh_keys array elements specify the lowest and highest reverse-
       mapping key for which the application would like physical  mapping  in-
       formation.  A reverse mapping key consists of the tuple (device, block,
       owner, offset).  The owner and offset fields are part of  the  key  be-
       cause some filesystems support sharing physical blocks between multiple
       files and therefore may return multiple mappings for a  given  physical
       block.

       Filesystem  mappings  are copied into the fmh_recs array, which immedi-
       ately follows the header data.

   Fields of struct fsmap_head
       The fmh_iflags field is a bit mask passed to the kernel  to  alter  the
       output.   No  flags  are currently defined, so the caller must set this
       value to zero.

       The fmh_oflags field is a bit mask of flags set by the kernel  concern-
       ing the returned mappings.  If FMH_OF_DEV_T is set, then the fmr_device
       field represents a dev_t structure containing the major and minor  num-
       bers of the block device.

       The  fmh_count field contains the number of elements in the array being
       passed to the kernel.  If this value is 0, fmh_entries will be  set  to
       the  number of records that would have been returned had the array been
       large enough; no mapping information will be returned.

       The fmh_entries field contains the number of elements in  the  fmh_recs
       array that contain useful information.

       The fmh_reserved fields must be set to zero.

   Keys
       The two key records in fsmap_head.fmh_keys specify the lowest and high-
       est extent records in the keyspace that the caller wants  returned.   A
       filesystem  that can share blocks between files likely requires the tu-
       ple (device, physical, owner, offset,  flags)  to  uniquely  index  any
       filesystem  mapping  record.   Classic non-sharing filesystems might be
       able to identify any record with only (device, physical,  flags).   For
       example, if the low key is set to (8:0, 36864, 0, 0, 0), the filesystem
       will only return records for extents starting at  or  above  36 KiB  on
       disk.   If the high key is set to (8:0, 1048576, 0, 0, 0), only records
       below 1 MiB will be returned.  The format of  fmr_device  in  the  keys
       must  match  the format of the same field in the output records, as de-
       fined below.  By convention, the field fsmap_head.fmh_keys[0] must con-
       tain  the  low key and fsmap_head.fmh_keys[1] must contain the high key
       for the request.

       For convenience, if fmr_length is set in the low key, it will be  added
       to  fmr_block or fmr_offset as appropriate.  The caller can take advan-
       tage  of  this  subtlety  to  set  up  subsequent  calls   by   copying
       fsmap_head.fmh_recs[fsmap_head.fmh_entries  - 1] into the low key.  The
       function fsmap_advance (defined in linux/fsmap.h) provides  this  func-
       tionality.

   Fields of struct fsmap
       The fmr_device field uniquely identifies the underlying storage device.
       If the FMH_OF_DEV_T flag is set in the header's fmh_oflags field,  this
       field  contains  a  dev_t from which major and minor numbers can be ex-
       tracted.  If the flag is not set, this field contains a value that must
       be unique for each unique storage device.

       The  fmr_physical  field  contains  the  disk  address of the extent in
       bytes.

       The fmr_owner field contains the owner of the extent.  This is an inode
       number  unless  FMR_OF_SPECIAL_OWNER  is set in the fmr_flags field, in
       which case the value is determined by the filesystem.  See the  section
       below about owner values for more details.

       The fmr_offset field contains the logical address in the mapping record
       in bytes.  This field has no meaning  if  the  FMR_OF_SPECIAL_OWNER  or
       FMR_OF_EXTENT_MAP flags are set in fmr_flags.

       The fmr_length field contains the length of the extent in bytes.

       The fmr_flags field is a bit mask of extent state flags.  The bits are:

           FMR_OF_PREALLOC
                  The extent is allocated but not yet written.

           FMR_OF_ATTR_FORK
                  This extent contains extended attribute data.

           FMR_OF_EXTENT_MAP
                  This extent contains extent map information for the owner.

           FMR_OF_SHARED
                  Parts of this extent may be shared.

           FMR_OF_SPECIAL_OWNER
                  The  fmr_owner  field contains a special value instead of an
                  inode number.

           FMR_OF_LAST
                  This is the last record in the data set.

       The fmr_reserved field will be set to zero.

   Owner values
       Generally, the value of the fmr_owner field  for  non-metadata  extents
       should  be  an inode number.  However, filesystems are under no obliga-
       tion to report inode numbers; they may instead  report  FMR_OWN_UNKNOWN
       if  the  inode  number  cannot easily be retrieved, if the caller lacks
       sufficient privilege, if the filesystem does not support  stable  inode
       numbers,  or for any other reason.  If a filesystem wishes to condition
       the reporting of inode numbers based on  process  capabilities,  it  is
       strongly  urged that the CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability be used for this pur-
       pose.

       The following special owner values are generic to all filesystems:

           FMR_OWN_FREE
                  Free space.

           FMR_OWN_UNKNOWN
                  This extent is in use but its owner is not known or not eas-
                  ily retrieved.

           FMR_OWN_METADATA
                  This extent is filesystem metadata.

       XFS can return the following special owner values:

           XFS_FMR_OWN_FREE
                  Free space.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_UNKNOWN
                  This extent is in use but its owner is not known or not eas-
                  ily retrieved.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_FS
                  Static filesystem metadata which exists at a fixed  address.
                  These  are the AG superblock, the AGF, the AGFL, and the AGI
                  headers.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_LOG
                  The filesystem journal.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_AG
                  Allocation group metadata, such as the free space btrees and
                  the reverse mapping btrees.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_INOBT
                  The inode and free inode btrees.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_INODES
                  Inode records.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_REFC
                  Reference count information.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_COW
                  This extent is being used to stage a copy-on-write.

           XFS_FMR_OWN_DEFECTIVE:
                  This extent has been marked defective either by the filesys-
                  tem or the underlying device.

       ext4 can return the following special owner values:

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_FREE
                  Free space.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_UNKNOWN
                  This extent is in use but its owner is not known or not eas-
                  ily retrieved.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_FS
                  Static  filesystem metadata which exists at a fixed address.
                  This is the superblock and the group descriptors.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_LOG
                  The filesystem journal.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_INODES
                  Inode records.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_BLKBM
                  Block bit map.

           EXT4_FMR_OWN_INOBM
                  Inode bit map.

RETURN VALUE
       On error, -1 is returned, and errno is set to indicate the error.

ERRORS
       The error placed in errno can be one of, but is  not  limited  to,  the
       following:

       EBADF  fd is not open for reading.

       EBADMSG
              The filesystem has detected a checksum error in the metadata.

       EFAULT The pointer passed in was not mapped to a valid memory address.

       EINVAL The  array  is not long enough, the keys do not point to a valid
              part of the filesystem, the low key points to a higher point  in
              the  filesystem's  physical  storage address space than the high
              key, or a nonzero value was passed in one  of  the  fields  that
              must be zero.

       ENOMEM Insufficient memory to process the request.

       EOPNOTSUPP
              The filesystem does not support this command.

       EUCLEAN
              The filesystem metadata is corrupt and needs repair.

VERSIONS
       The FS_IOC_GETFSMAP operation first appeared in Linux 4.12.

CONFORMING TO
       This API is Linux-specific.  Not all filesystems support it.

EXAMPLES
       See io/fsmap.c in the xfsprogs distribution for a sample program.

SEE ALSO
       ioctl(2)

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 5.07 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, information about reporting bugs,  and  the
       latest     version     of     this    page,    can    be    found    at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux                             2020-06-09                 IOCTL_GETFSMAP(2)

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