nl_langinfo(3)



NL_LANGINFO(3)             Linux Programmer's Manual            NL_LANGINFO(3)

NAME
       nl_langinfo, nl_langinfo_l - query language and locale information

SYNOPSIS
       #include <langinfo.h>

       char *nl_langinfo(nl_item item);

       char *nl_langinfo_l(nl_item item, locale_t locale);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       nl_langinfo_l():
           Since glibc 2.24:
               _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
           Glibc 2.23 and earlier:
               _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L

DESCRIPTION
       The  nl_langinfo()  and nl_langinfo_l() functions provide access to lo-
       cale information in a more flexible way than  localeconv(3).   nl_lang-
       info() returns a string which is the value corresponding to item in the
       program's current global  locale.   nl_langinfo_l()  returns  a  string
       which  is  the value corresponding to item for the locale identified by
       the locale object locale, which was previously created by newlocale(1).
       Individual  and  additional  elements  of  the locale categories can be
       queried.  setlocale(3) needs to be executed with proper  arguments  be-
       fore.

       Examples  for  the  locale elements that can be specified in item using
       the constants defined in <langinfo.h> are:

       CODESET (LC_CTYPE)
              Return a string with the name of the character encoding used  in
              the   selected   locale,   such  as  "UTF-8",  "ISO-8859-1",  or
              "ANSI_X3.4-1968" (better known as US-ASCII).  This is  the  same
              string  that you get with "locale charmap".  For a list of char-
              acter encoding names, try "locale -m" (see locale(1)).

       D_T_FMT (LC_TIME)
              Return a string that can be used as a format  string  for  strf-
              time(3)  to represent time and date in a locale-specific way (%c
              conversion specification).

       D_FMT (LC_TIME)
              Return a string that can be used as a format  string  for  strf-
              time(3) to represent a date in a locale-specific way (%x conver-
              sion specification).

       T_FMT (LC_TIME)
              Return a string that can be used as a format  string  for  strf-
              time(3) to represent a time in a locale-specific way (%X conver-
              sion specification).

       AM_STR (LC_TIME)
              Return a string that represents affix for ante meridiem  (before
              noon, "AM") time.  (Used in %p strftime(3) conversion specifica-
              tion.)

       PM_STR (LC_TIME)
              Return a string that represents affix for post meridiem  (before
              midnight, "PM") time.  (Used in %p strftime(3) conversion speci-
              fication.)

       T_FMT_AMPM (LC_TIME)
              Return a string that can be used as a format  string  for  strf-
              time(3)  to  represent a time in a.m. or p.m. notation a locale-
              specific way (%r conversion specification).

       ERA (LC_TIME)
              Return era description, which  contains  information  about  how
              years  are counted and displayed for each era in a locale.  Each
              era description segment shall have the format:

                     direction:offset:start_date:end_date:era_name:era_format

              according to the definitions below:

              direction   Either a "+" or a "-" character.  The "+" means that
                          years  increase  from  the  start_date  towards  the
                          end_date, "-" means the opposite.

              offset      The epoch year of the start_date.

              start_date  A date in the form yyyy/mm/dd, where yyyy,  mm,  and
                          dd are the year, month, and day numbers respectively
                          of the start of the era.

              end_date    The ending date of the era, in the  same  format  as
                          the  start_date,  or  one  of the two special values
                          "-*" (minus infinity) or "+*" (plus infinity).

              era_name    The name of the era, corresponding to the %EC  strf-
                          time(3) conversion specification.

              era_format  The  format of the year in the era, corresponding to
                          the %EY strftime(3) conversion specification.

              Era description segments are separated by semicolons.  Most  lo-
              cales do not define this value.  Examples of locales that do de-
              fine this value are the Japanese and Thai locales.

       ERA_D_T_FMT (LC_TIME)
              Return a string that can be used as a format  string  for  strf-
              time(3) for alternative representation of time and date in a lo-
              cale-specific way (%Ec conversion specification).

       ERA_D_FMT (LC_TIME)
              Return a string that can be used as a format  string  for  strf-
              time(3)  for  alternative  representation of a date in a locale-
              specific way (%Ex conversion specification).

       ERA_T_FMT (LC_TIME)
              Return a string that can be used as a format  string  for  strf-
              time(3)  for  alternative  representation of a time in a locale-
              specific way (%EX conversion specification).

       DAY_{1-7} (LC_TIME)
              Return name of the n-th day of the week. [Warning: this  follows
              the  US convention DAY_1 = Sunday, not the international conven-
              tion (ISO 8601) that Monday is  the  first  day  of  the  week.]
              (Used in %A strftime(3) conversion specification.)

       ABDAY_{1-7} (LC_TIME)
              Return  abbreviated  name of the n-th day of the week.  (Used in
              %a strftime(3) conversion specification.)

       MON_{1-12} (LC_TIME)
              Return name of the n-th month.  (Used in %B strftime(3)  conver-
              sion specification.)

       ABMON_{1-12} (LC_TIME)
              Return  abbreviated  name  of the n-th month.  (Used in %b strf-
              time(3) conversion specification.)

       RADIXCHAR (LC_NUMERIC)
              Return radix character (decimal dot, decimal comma, etc.).

       THOUSEP (LC_NUMERIC)
              Return separator character for thousands (groups of  three  dig-
              its).

       YESEXPR (LC_MESSAGES)
              Return  a  regular expression that can be used with the regex(3)
              function to recognize a positive response to a yes/no question.

       NOEXPR (LC_MESSAGES)
              Return a regular expression that can be used with  the  regex(3)
              function to recognize a negative response to a yes/no question.

       CRNCYSTR (LC_MONETARY)
              Return the currency symbol, preceded by "-" if the symbol should
              appear before the value, "+" if the symbol should  appear  after
              the value, or "." if the symbol should replace the radix charac-
              ter.

       The above list covers just some examples  of  items  that  can  be  re-
       quested.  For a more detailed list, consult The GNU C Library Reference
       Manual.

RETURN VALUE
       On success, these functions return a pointer to a string which  is  the
       value corresponding to item in the specified locale.

       If no locale has been selected by setlocale(3) for the appropriate cat-
       egory, nl_langinfo() return a pointer to the  corresponding  string  in
       the  "C"  locale.  The same is true of nl_langinfo_l() if locale speci-
       fies a locale where langinfo data is not defined.

       If item is not valid, a pointer to an empty string is returned.

       The pointer returned by these functions may point to static  data  that
       may be overwritten, or the pointer itself may be invalidated, by a sub-
       sequent call to nl_langinfo(), nl_langinfo_l(), or  setlocale(3).   The
       same  statements apply to nl_langinfo_l() if the locale object referred
       to by locale is freed or modified by freelocale(3) or newlocale(3).

       POSIX specifies that the application may not modify the string returned
       by these functions.

ATTRIBUTES
       For  an  explanation  of  the  terms  used  in  this  section,  see at-
       tributes(7).

       +--------------+---------------+----------------+
       |Interface     | Attribute     | Value          |
       +--------------+---------------+----------------+
       |nl_langinfo() | Thread safety | MT-Safe locale |
       +--------------+---------------+----------------+
CONFORMING TO
       POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008, SUSv2.

NOTES
       The behavior of nl_langinfo_l() is undefined if locale is  the  special
       locale object LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE or is not a valid locale object handle.

EXAMPLES
       The  following  program  sets the character type and the numeric locale
       according to the environment and queries the terminal character set and
       the radix character.

       #include <langinfo.h>
       #include <locale.h>
       #include <stdio.h>
       #include <stdlib.h>

       int
       main(int argc, char *argv[])
       {
           setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
           setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");

           printf("%s\n", nl_langinfo(CODESET));
           printf("%s\n", nl_langinfo(RADIXCHAR));

           exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
       }

SEE ALSO
       locale(1), localeconv(3), setlocale(3), charsets(7), locale(7)

       The GNU C Library Reference Manual

COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 5.07 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, information about reporting bugs,  and  the
       latest     version     of     this    page,    can    be    found    at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

GNU                               2020-04-11                    NL_LANGINFO(3)

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