Tin includes a function which checks whether the characters on the system used in an article can be displayed in the environment Tin is used in: "locales". Locales are configuration files containing information about national or regional special features, among other things the language, the format of numerical data (e.g. if a dot or a comma is used as a decimal point), the format of time and date or the character set in use. Whenever the locales are incomplete or misconfigured, all non-7-bit-chars (e.g. umlauts) are treated as not displayable and a question mark is output as a substitute. The configuration which locale adjustments should be used, is made by environment variables. To obtain full representation of the 8-bit-chars, one should set LC_CTYPE or LANG to the desired language (i.e. en_US to recognice all printable chars out of iso-8859-1). If this does not lead to success, probably the Locale files are incomplete or not installed at all. In this case you have the possibility (apart from installing up to date locales) to use a "brute force"-method of compilling Tin from the source using the option "--disable-locale". After this, the locales will be ignored completely and any character treated as displayable.